Hassan’s Story Essay

A. The two major types of surface markings that bone do have are the depression and openings. These include fissure, foramen, fossa, sulcus, meatus, process, condyle, facet head, crest, epicondyle, line, spineous process, trochanter, tubercle, and the tuberosity. B. Liu and Hassan were surprised to find metopic suture on an adult skull because right after birth the left side and right side of the birth bone are united by the metopic suture. They also were surprised, because this suture should have disappeared between the ages of six to eight years of age. Finally because they are only founded in 5 to 10% of people. C. The skeletal structures that are found inside the nasal cavity that might be missing from a excavated skull would be the perpendicular plate, middle and inferior nasal concha and the vomer. D. Hassan and his team would be able to tell the ages of the skeletal remains of the woman and the baby by the four main sutures such as coronal suture, sagittal suture, lambdoid suture, and the squamous sutures. E. The features that the larger skeletal in the sarcophagus would show to indicate it was a female is the vertebral column of a female is about 61cm (24in.) and a male vertebral column of a male is about 71cm (28in.). F. The bone of the neck region that could be affected or damage by strangulation or neck trauma other than the cervical vertebrae is the hyoid bone. G. If the bones of a person found at the excavation site were mixed and out of order the anthropologists would be able to determine which was cervical, lumbar, or thoracic, because the cervical vertebrae include interlocking vertebrae bodies with saddle shaped superior and inferior surfaces alongside the canal is triangular and of a similar size to the vertebral body, and the spinous process are shorter then in thoracic and not as massive as the lumbar vertebrae process. The thoracic vertebrae increases in body size and articulates with a pair of ribs in the human skeleton. The upper thoracic bodies are roughly triangular in a superior outline whilst the lower thoracic vertebral bodies are more circular. The vertebrae canal are smaller relative to the vertebral body, and importantly, more circular then in cervical vertebrae. Finally the lumbar vertebrae increase in size from superior to inferior. They are the largest of all the infused vertebrae, and should be easily identifiable by their size and features. H. Bones with their hard structures would be subject to and show signs of the disease that destroyed this community because I. The structure that passes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae that would cause death if damaged as in the child’s skeleton is.

Discuss Some of the Challenges Facing International Students in Higher Education Essay

As a growing number of international students who attempt to obtain a further education diploma or expand their horizons, has been increasing, it is often the case that they would face various challenges while studying abroad. The main barrier that they have to overcome is â€Å"academic learning that consists of strangeness, difference and integration (Teekens, 2006:17, cited in Hyland, 2008). According to Hyland et al (2008:29), to improve the quality of higher education not only the individual needs to endeavor, but also the departmental and institutional effort would be indispensable. This essay will illustrate that the main factors of overseas students who study for least one year result in academic learning challenges, are adapting to a new educational system’s assessments and English speaking only environments, then will provide possible solutions, for example, giving sufficient guidance from enrolled universities, revolutionising language certified test in reducing these difficulties. The first main factor that directly causes learning challenges is that overseas students would probably face different methods of assessment. Most postgraduate students wish their overseas journeys were the same as ‘back home’ (Pointon, 2009, cited in The Higher Education Academy, 2012). However,for those students who graduated in other educational systems, team projects, presentations would become the barriers they have to confront. Firstly team-based learning appears to be more strange and complicated to these students because it not only depends upon academic competence,but also has to be relevant to their abilities of communication and coordination. Group work can be even more stressful because a silent student is effectively excluded, whether voluntarily or not. It is also something that many international students have not really encountered before (Sovic,2008). Subsequently, quite a number of overseas students seem to be unfamiliar with presentations as well. According to (Sovic,2008:153), except for necessity of group work sometimes, to express their opinions via presentations international students who may be new have to be confidently confronted with classmates who would hold other cultural perspectives. These unacquainted assessment criterions would widely and considerably affect international students, especially at the beginning of their academic journey. For example, presentations would be often assigned in the first term, if the results seem to be quite low, they not only directly impact those students’ overall score, but also affect their emotions to some degree even might reduce their confidence and motivation with regards to continuing their studies abroad. The second major factor which would be around all overseas students,is the atmosphere of foreign language only. Sovic(2008:150)has demonstrated that for those students who are non-native speakers, even if they have obtained fairly high IELTS(The International English Language Test System)test grades, language is still singled out as the biggest obstacle for them to study abroad. The main reason, which causes that they passed the tests but could not adapt to the new language environment quickly, is that IELTS seems to be irrelevant to the demands within the universities. To begin with, when overseas students arriving the destinations, the first difficulty they have to face is local accent. Research (Sovic, 2008:151) reported that international students who are even native-speakers can still have significant problems with fast and heavy accents in lectures and tutorials. Another point which bothers almost overseas students especially at the beginning of study abroad is acquiring academic language, including discipline-specific vocabulary and academic expression. It is often overlooked, since students who obtained the required language scores always mistakenly believe that it is sufficient to complete their studies (Arkoudis, 2008). These unexpected barriers would be troubled for all overseas students to varying degree. It is notable that international students must spend quite a large amount of time and energy on solving language issues. In other word, they have to cut down the time from learning main curriculums, which would considerably affect them to absorb curriculum knowledge and make them feeling more stress. One feasible solution to help overseas students to face academic challenges is that enrolled universities need to make more efforts before international students’ academic journeys. Despite universities always remind students who have been confirmed acceptance to prepare relevant knowledge about their courses, there are few students who could prepare adequately. Zhai(2004:101)discovered that academic issue tend to be the most difficulty for international students, and there are around 60% students whom recommended that their college should provide more academic guidance. It is suggested that academic support should be provided to international students as soon as possible, since Pedersen (1991) had demonstrated that sufficient guidance should be initiated before they arrive. According to the factors mentioned above, enrolled universities may send an amount of materials to international students via email or even material object, including introduction of new educational system, samples of presentation and team project, videos of lecture and tutorial. Moreover, for students of different disciplines, universities may provide more specific background knowledge or required reading list. Although these will increase universities’ operating costs, it would be effective to help international students overcome academic challenges. Another solution which seems to be quite challenging is revolutionising language certification test. Lee (2009:23) claims that compared to other language certified tests, IELTS is most effective and reliable examination to assess students’ not only language skill but also academic ability. However, although international students obtain the qualified language scores, it does not mean that they can successfully finish academic learning (Schmitt, 2005; Murray and O’Loughlin, 2007; Arkoudis, 2008; Sovie, 2008), even the type of writing in IELTS seems to be â€Å"public non-academic genres† (Moore and Morton, 2005, cited in Hyland et al, 2008). Feast (2002:83) reported that between language proficiency and academic performance at university there is a positive and significant, but weak relationship. Thus, in order to better serve high education, IELTS may be adjusted. Firstly, academic IELTS test could be divided into three categories that consist of Arts aspect, Science and Engineering, Social Science. Secondly, increasing more academic topics in section1 and section2 of listening test could replace a considerable number of life topics. Thirdly, the type of task2 in writing could change to mini-academic essay. These adjustments could not only make the scores more valuable to be referred by universities, but also help and guide international students to accumulate more discipline-specific and academic knowledge which lead to reduce those academic difficulties after they arrive. In conclusion, as this essay has demonstrated, the main factors which lead to academic learning challenges are atmosphere of English speaking only and different educational assessment system. Feasible solution to these challenges including revolutionising language certified test and providing adequate support from enrolled universities. It seems that revolutionizing language certified test is most significant solution to help and guide students at the source. In the future, increased awareness of academic challenges via researching and reporting as a whole could arouse relevant departments’ attention to take action on resolving these problems.

Air New Zealand Essay

Air New Zealand began as Tasman Empire Airways Limited which from 1940 has been operating Short Empire flying boats on trans-Tasman routes. Tasman Empire Airways Limited has operated flights in world war II weekly from Auckland to Sydney and also added Fiji and Wellington to its route. In 1953 New Zealand and Australian governments purchased 50% stakes in Tasman Empire Airways Limited and the airline ended flying boat operations in favor of propeller and turboprop airliners by 1960. With the introduction of the DC-8 in 1965, Tasman Empire Airways Limited became Air New Zealand—the New Zealand government purchased Australia’s 50% stake in the carrier. In 1978, the domestic airline National Airways Corporation and its subsidiary Safe Air were merged into Air New Zealand to form a single national airline, further expanding the carrier’s operations. As a result, NAC’s Boeing 737 and Fokker F27 aircraft joined Air New Zealand’s fleet alongside its DC-8 and DC-10 airliners. In 1981, Air New Zealand introduced its first Boeing 747 airliner, and a year later initiated service to London, United Kingdom. 1985 saw the introduction of Boeing 767-200ER airliners to fill the large size gap between the Boeing 737 and 747. In 1989 the airline was privatized with a sale to a consortium headed by Brielle Investments Ltd. The New Zealand air transport market underwent deregulation in 1990, prompting Air New Zealand to acquire a 50% stake in Ansett Australia in 1995. PART A- TASK 1 Outcome 1- assess the potential for market segmentation A) Resource implications: We urge the Advisory Group to consider the human resource implications for these employees and the consequent impact any restructuring consultation has on their morale and productivity. HRINZ (Human Resource Institution of New Zealand) is the professional organization for people who are interested or involved in the management and development of human resources in the workplace. HRINZ (Human Resource Institution of New Zealand) represents the interests of individual members only. B) Understanding and meeting customer needs: They meet every requirement of the customer travelling in air new Zealand. They provide every kind of facility to the customers and fulfill the needs and demands of people. C) Identification of competitor activates: The following is a list of airlines,  other than Air New Zealand, who have joined the domestic air travel market in New Zealand over the last 20 years: Ansett New Zealand Kiwi Air Freedom Air Origin Pacific Jet Connect D) Evaluation of market performance: There are some kind of problems with air new Zealand like people feel like food is not proper but now they have evaluated the things. They provide better service to the customers and they are happy. E) Segment viability and attractiveness: Air New Zealand topped eight of the ten attractiveness categories in national airline, which offers the best salary, career progression and work-life balance opportunities, as well as quality training and strong management. Air New Zealand was rated well in the study, which assessed organizations perceived attractiveness amongst the country’s working and non working population. In 2012, Air New Zealand took out the top spot for strong management, interesting job content, pleasant working atmosphere, and salary and employee benefits, and was also noted for providing good training for its employees. PART B- TASK 2 Outcome 2- apply market segmentation processes 2. Profile the segmentation A) Geographic segmentation: Geographic Segmentation calls for dividing the market into different geographical units such as nations, regions, provinces, parishes, cities, or even neighborhoods. A company may decide to operate in one or a few geographical areas, or to operate in all areas but pay attention to geographical differences in needs and wants. World region or country: Europe, Spain, Africa, Ivory Coast, Middle East, Qatar, North America, Canada Country region: East Asia, South Asia, North Asia City size: Under 5,000; 5,000-20,000; 20,000-50,000; 50,000-100,000; 100,000-250,000; 250,000- 500,000; 500,000-1,000,000; 1,000,000-4,000,000; over 4,000,000 Density: Urban, suburban, exurban, rural Climate: Northern, southern B) Demographic segmentation: Demographic Segmentation divides the market into groups based on variables such as age, gender, family size, family life cycle, income, occupation, education, religion, race, and nationality. Age Under: 20-34; 35-49; 50-64; 65+ Gender: Male, Female Family size: 1-2; 3-4; 5+ Family life cycle: Young, single, married with no children, married with children, single parents, unmarried couples, older, married, no children under 18 or older, single, other Income: Under â‚ ¬ 20,000; â‚ ¬ 20,000-â‚ ¬ 30,000; â‚ ¬ 30,000-â‚ ¬ 50,000; â‚ ¬ 50,000-â‚ ¬ 100,000; â‚ ¬ 100,000-â‚ ¬ 250,000; â‚ ¬ 250,000 and over Occupation: Professional and technical, managers, officials, and proprietors; clerical; sales; craftspeople; supervisors; farmers; retired; students; homemakers; unemployed Education: Primary School or less, some secondary school, secondary school graduate, some college, college graduate Religion: Jewish, Muslim, Hindu, Buddhist, Christian, other Race: Asian, Hispanic, Black, White Nationality: British, Swiss, Spanish French, German, Italian, Japanese C) Psychographic segmentation: Psychographic Segmentation divides buyers into different groups based on social class, lifestyle, or personality characteristics. People in the same demographic group can have very different psychographic profiles. Social class: Lower lowers; upper lowers; working class; middle class; upper middles; lower uppers; upper uppers Lifestyle: Achievers; strivers; survivors Personality: Compulsive; gregarious; authoritarian; ambitious D) Behaviour segmentation: Behavioral Segmentation divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes, uses, or responses to a product or service Many marketers believe that behavior variables are the best  starting point for building market segments. Occasions: Regular occasion; special occasion; holiday; seasonal Benefits: Quality; service; economy; convenience; speed User status: Nonuser; ex-user; potential user; first-time user; regular user User rates: Light user; medium user; heavy user Loyalty status: None; medium; strong; absolute Readiness stage: unaware; aware; informed; interested; desirous; intending to buy Attitude toward product: Enthusiastic; positive; indifferent; negative; hostile 3. Evaluation on segment potential for following A) Product usage and potential: they product used in air New Zealand are of very good quality. If you’re booked to travel in Economy on a 777-300 long-haul international service, you can choose to upgrade to our Skycouchâ„ ¢ with this upgrade product option. It is important that you request your product upgrade on the website for the currency you used to purchase your flights. For bookings paid in Euros, please use our Continental European website, www.airnewzealand.eu, to upgrade the products in your booking. B) Competition: Due to poor industry returns, the airline industry is fiercely competitive. In the long-haul market, Air NZ is exposed to both direct competition, as well as competition from different airline alliances (West, 2009). Comparatively, competition in the long-haul market isles intense than short-haul and domestic markets due to the lack of substitutes as well as increased brand identity. Additionally, competitive pressure in the long-haul market is somewhat all evicted as a result of codeshare alliance agreements. C) Segment attractiveness: There can be no greater vote of confidence in the growth potential of the airline, and of the attractiveness of New Zealand as an international destination, than expanding and upgrading our fleet. D) Organizational objectives and resources: Key goals are maximize the overall Group return on capital employed , Bring diversity and balance to the Group’s earning streams , Take full advantage of the Group’s competencies in ma rkets where we have influence. PART C- TASK 3 Outcome 3- Determine target market and positioning strategy 4. Select one that is suitable and why other strategies are not suitable. A) Undifferentiated marketing- An undifferentiated targeting strategy is used when a company decides to communicate the benefits of its product by sending the same promotional message to everyone. For an undifferentiated strategy to be successful, the company’s product must be readily available and affordable and must provide the same benefits to all consumers. Very few companies with consumer products meet these criteria. B) Differentiated marketing-Differentiated product markets are those in which the product offering of suppliers varies to some degree and in which buyers make their purchase decision on the basis of product characteristics as well as price. In such a market, suppliers’ products are imperfect substitutes for one another and less close substitutes impose a lesser competitive constraint than others. C) concentrated marketing-A concentrated marketing strategy is targeted to one specific market segment or audience. For example, a company might market a product specifically for teenage girls, or a retailer might market his business to residents in a specific town. Concentrated marketing strategies are often geared for smaller groups of people, because they are designed to appeal to a specific segment. 5. Justify strategy in terms of organizational marketing objectives A) Sales- By selling the Product to the purchaser, Air NZ does not guarantee any freight services. Any such services must be arranged and paid for with Air NZ separately and will be subject to Air NZ’s Conditions of Carriage – Cargo which can be viewed at Conditions of Carriage Cargo International. Air NZ does not guarantee that the Product will meet Air NZ’s cage requirements (such as fleet hold size and / or capacity on any particular flight), or IATA requirements, for cargo or baggage on any da te in the future on which the purchaser wishes to use the Product for carriage of any animal, on Air NZ or any other carrier. The current requirements can be found at Travelling with Pets. B) Attitude: As a final variable to the behavioural segmentation is attitude toward a product. People can be divided into segments based on whether they have an enthusiastic, positive, indifferent, negative or hostile attitude toward a product. By considering the customers’ attitudes toward a brand or product the company will get a wide-ranging view of the market and its segments C) Revenue- Air New Zealand has refreshed its core strategy to drive  sustainable, profitable growth across the Air New Zealand Group. Optimise your career in this opportunity to create value at the core where key business decisions and plans impact shareholders’ value and deliver to the growth strategy. Lead and develop the long term strategy and maximise revenue growth and performance and manage the Ancillary Revenue Team. You will develop a long term strategy for ancillary revenue that maximises revenue growth opportunities and delivers product enhancements that customers value. As well as defining annual roadmaps for ancillary product development that deliver the strategy. You will also lead the tactical performance management of ancillary revenue performance process across multiple sales regions and channels. D) Organizational goals- Air New Zealand Limited is an international and domestic airline group that is publicly listed on both the New Zealand Stock Exchange (ticker: AIR) and Australian Stock Exchange (ticker: AIZ). We are principally involved in providing air passenger and cargo transport services to, from and within New Zealand. Air New Zealand directly serves 51 cities in 13 countries (including 26 destinations within New Zealand). The most recent additions to the route network include direct flights to Adelaide, San Francisco, Shanghai, Vancouver and Beijing. In the financial year to June 30, 2008, we carried almost 13.2 million passengers Flights range from a 25 minute Wellington to Blenheim trip, to a 14 hour, 11,571 km flight from Vancouver to Auckland. Air New Zealand is a member of the Star Alliance, the world’s largest multi-national alliance, providing access to 965 airports in 162 countries. E) Awareness-New Zealand’s brand awareness is flying high following recent wins for best image and number one dream holiday destination. In April, both UK and India travellers voted New Zealand number one dream holiday destination in Trip Advisor’s bi-annual Trip Barometer study, with 33 per cent of Indian travellers voting for New Zealand and nearly seven out of ten respondents saying they planned to travel abroad in 2014 to destinations including New Zealand 6. Establish positioning variables of market segments A) Usage and users- The usage rate segmentation divides the customers  according to how much they use a product. They are divided into groups of non-users, light, medium and heavy product users and companies often seek to target one heavy user rather than several light users . This is due to the fact that the heavy users constitute a small percentage of the market but account for a high percentage of the total buying .Thus a company should seek to adapt their marketing strategy according to these customers B) Product class- health and safety in employment act- safeguarding passenger and airline staff safety. Ensure best standard food for people. C) Competition- Air New Zealand’s low-cost operator, Freedom Air was established in 1995 in response to the launch of Kiwi Air (see above). The airline operates services from New Zealand to Australia and Fiji, and briefly operated on the main-trunk domestic routes.On September 6, 2007, Air New Zealand announced it was folding Freedom Air into the main airline, pointing to changes in the market, and the fact that there was little difference in consumer pricing between the two airlines. D) Lifestyle factors-Lifestyle and environment affect health and are shaped by socio-economic factors. The material circumstances of people’s lives and the behavioural choices they make are influenced by things like income, employment status and education. E) Consumer needs and benefits- following is the example for consumer needs and benefits: Delivering baggage on time: Air New Zealand will make every effort to ensure your bags arrive at your destination on schedule. Despite all care being taken, baggage sorting systems are complex and involve both human and mechanical interaction which sometimes results in baggage being delayed. In the event that your baggage is delayed, Air New Zealand will endeavour to have it returned to you within 24 hours of receiving your written missing baggage claim. We will provide you with an amenity kit on request and if we are not able to return your bags within 24 hours, authorise limited emergency expenses to be issued to you. PART D- TASK 4 Outcome 4- Identify, research and evaluate opportunities for business development 7. Implications for marketing strategies for each of organizational market The following are some implications for marketing a New strategy for new times b Segment and decide c Look at distribution channels d Help the consumer- teach, train, comfort and reassure e Communication f Find new pastures, Keep permanent hand on pulse of consumer 8. Monitoring mechanism for market positioning strategies to strategic marketing plans. Air New Zealand target to provide best service to the customers with unique and refresh kiwi way. Air New Zealand challenges with finding forward the thinking ways to engage and provide services to the customers. Air New Zealand and UK sought out new styles top use email to focus on customer relationship and their feedback to their unique services. Air NZ welcomes this approach. It is a much needed departure from the artificial distinctions previously drawn between â€Å"aeronautical† and â€Å"non-aeronautical† in respect of an airport’s business. There is widespread international acceptance of airports’ market power in operations such as car parking, retail space in the terminal, and taxi access to airports. Customers just loved the all facilities available for them at air new Zealand and the unique service provided to the customer during their journey. They have online support when we have any enquiries regarding their services and all about the journey. If any complaints air new Zealand committed to meet customers’ expectations and make customers to have an amazing journey with them. Air new Zealand dedicated to reach a goal of zero complaints across their business.

Sales proposal for Laduree Aviation Catering Coursework

Sales proposal for Laduree Aviation Catering - Coursework Example The company has highly experienced and dedicated employees that not only serves the customer as required, but also demonstrate the utmost level of professionalism in their approach to duties and responsibilities. As thus, the company mission of quality and timely delivery is instilled in them, consequently enabling it to soar to greater heights. The objectives of this sales proposal is to promote our services to international airlines including Qatar Airways through providing highly professional services to the passengers on board while embracing quality and an utmost competence. Another objective of Laduree Aviation Catering Company is to offer world class catering services that will go a long way in encouraging more passengers to board your airplanes The ultimate goal of Laduree Aviation Catering Company is to ensure that quality and timely customer services are mainstreamed in the system and that its operations are guided by the principles of high professionalism. The Company has an experience of over 100 years having been at the helm of this business. Laduree Aviation Catering services entails services dealing with a range of products that are well manufactured by the company and stored in various distribution shops for easy supply to the market and the main customers who are the airlines. The products are the Laduree Macaron, pastries, and chocolates that are well prepared by highly qualified catering professionals with a long experience in the field. Laduree Aviation Catering offers services to a wide range of airline companies. The company boasts of highly experienced chefs who can handle different kinds of food preparation with utmost competence and without compromising the quality. Laduree Aviation Catering offers a wide selection of the special meals that caters for different dietary requirements of varied people. A special meal on the flight is provided on prior request to provide

Animation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Animation - Essay Example â€Å"Actually, animation has received high profile on the television and various websites.† (Wells, 2002, p. 3). The modern animation works are very creative and are produced on seasonal basis; that is, they are produced to represent certain happenings of phenomenon. From the art point of view, animation is an ancient artwork that was born out of creativity and innovation. The history of animation can be traced back in the Paleolithic cave paintings era since it is in this era where interest in developing motion pictures grew (Graber, 2009).  The era was characterized by a series of creative art works which showed attempts to develop motion pictures. For instances, some pictures would be drawn with several legs and this revealed that man was trying to design a motion picture. The generations that came after the Paleolithic cave paintings era developed the paintings and made them look lively. The development of the modern technology and evolution of artwork education curriculum gave way to further development of animations field. Through education on the animation side of art, people grew more creative and became more innovative. As a result, the development of complex animations was born, and this opened the doors for continued development. In essence, the development of the animation field of arts can be viewed as a continued process that will cont inue stimulating new ideas and creativity. The future of animation is quite diversified based on the fact more devices or improving the animation industry are continually being discovered and developed. The art and practice of animation has become very popular in the recent past. â€Å"The digital tools have aided in the transformation from the traditional animation to modern animation.† (Jones & Oliff, 2007, p. 7) This can be associated with increased creativity and the wide spread of information regarding animation. The modern technology has made the spread of

Evaluate the role of the internet for a college student Essay

Evaluate the role of the internet for a college student - Essay Example Internet has become increasingly essential to virtually everyone in the worldpeople try to become one global village.Internet has proved to be of a great significance to college peers and it has become a part of their daily lives. Internet assists students as they go on with their studies and researches. Due to the wide range of information present in the internet, it makes it easy for students to conduct research using internet libraries such as Proquest, Ebsco, and Emerald Insight among others. For instance, a student may have a task of doing a research on topic in which they cannot interact with the subject of research due to geographical or financial constraints. Professionals have concluded that, â€Å"Internet is a wide range of supporter by providing all contacts requirements and all types of information, searching facilities with its various digital tools† (Isman Web.). By visiting the internet, the student may gather vital information that will assist the student in t he research about the topic. Due to rapid advances in technology, experts came up with an internet learning programs that enable an individual to learn at the place of their comfort.For instance, e-learning has made it possible for students across the world to learn through virtual classes. Internet is now a common and globally used medium of communication. This makes the students keep in touch with the significant partieswho are of substantial help to them. Incase a student has some query it is easier to contact someone who will help them sort out the issue at hand through the internet.For instance, the student may contact tutorsor friends who may help in solving an academically related issue.Communication platforms such as Skype, Facebook video calling, and Google+ among others have made it possible to video conference. Students can take advantage of such communication platforms to enhance their studies through collaboration with other students and education experts across the wor ld. Certainly, â€Å"Internet has become such an integral part everywhere and a potent communication tool† (Kashif-Ur-Rehma et al 48).This is evident through social media whereby students are able to gather vital information from different parts and from different individuals around the world, which might be of great assistance to the student. Due to the purposes of relaxation, internet offers a wide range of services to facilitate the student as they relax after their studies. Internet games, music, videos, and other forms of entertainmentare widely available in the internet. Whereas such forms of entertainment can be potentially damaging, wise use of internet entertainment can be of great use to students. Games such as chess and scramble, helps the students in sharpening their brains. For instance playing chess, which is considered as the game for genius, may improve ability to focus and think critically.There are games such as crosswords or Sudoku, these games helps to the student to construct vocabularies thus making it easier for them to comprehend easily what they are taught. Whereas the world has increasingly become busy, parenting has become equally challenging. Students more often than not opt to use internet as solution finder to most of social and personal issues such as relationships. It is argued, â€Å"Teens may be too embarrassed to seek information on sex from parents†

Principle of banking and finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principle of banking and finance - Assignment Example However, it is notable that the dividend is paid only if the company makes a certain amount of profit, Finn (1999). On the other hand, a corporate bond is a long-term debts owed to individuals. In this case, the corporate that issues the bond enters into a contract with the person that purchases the bond. In the contract, the company promises to pay the total amount of debt after a prescribed period. In addition, to this, the corporate gives interest after every 6 months on each bond and in accordance with the term of the bond contract. Stock market plays a pivotal role in the economy as it is a key to the growth of commerce and industry and as such affects the economy to a large extent. The government can watch on the happenings of various sectors of the economy by a mare look at the trends in the stock market. Equally, individuals who want to invest can compare the figures given in the stock market so as to make important investment decision, Elmuti (2003). For the corporate, they can either take a credit facility when they need to finance a project or float some of its stock in the stock market. As such, investors are able to buy the stock and thereby allowing the bank to raise the required capital, Fang

Realist and Feminist Structures in Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Essay

Realist and Feminist Structures in Perkins Gilman's The Yellow Wallpaper and Kate Chopin's The Storm - Essay Example Another similarity is the use of naturalist devices to construct both stories. Each story depicts the life of a single female protagonist who is mired in realistic situations that the reader can easily relate to. In addition to these similarities, both stories carry overriding feminist ideas and critique which essentially form the bulwark of both stories. This paper will compare and contrast both stories based on these structural, thematic and literary devices. The development of climax in both stories is gradual, uses symbols and both stories tend to end as soon as the climax is achieved. Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper depicts the protagonist as going mad over time as her husband John locks her up in her room. The author has chosen the yellow wallpaper as a symbol to reflect changing attitudes and mental state on the part of the protagonist. The yellow color itself is something that the protagonist tends to loathe from the first time she looks at it. As the story proceeds to i ts climax, the yellow wallpaper tends to indicate and enhance the climax. According to Gilman (Carnley 23): â€Å"It is the strangest yellow, that wall-paper! It makes me think of all the yellow things I ever saw—not beautiful ones like buttercups, but old foul, bad yellow things. But there is something else about that paper—the smell!† Again towards the end of the story (Carnley 26): â€Å"For outside you have to creep on the ground, and everything is green instead of yellow.† At the climax, the protagonist goes mad thinking that she just managed to extricate herself from the yellow wallpaper which signals and symbolizes the climax. The story ends immediately afterwards as the protagonist’s husband John enters the room and faints while the protagonist continues her mad movements across the room. This is comparable to Chopin’s The Storm where the author has used the storm as a symbol while she moves slowly towards the climax. The behavior of Calixta and Alcee tends to change as the storm develops gradually. At the start of the story, the author states (Gale 81): â€Å"She stood there with Bobinot's coat in her hands, and the big rain drops began to fall.† However, as the story is about to end the author expresses the character of the storm as (Gale 82): â€Å"The growl of the thunder was distant and passing away.† This indicates that the gentle rain at the start of the story developed into a large storm with thunder and lightning that subsided as the protagonists were done with their adulterous affair. What is noticeable is that the story’s climax is symbolized by a storm and that the story tends to end as soon as the climax is achieved. The end is again abrupt much similar to Galmin’s The Yellow Wallpaper. In addition to this similarity, both stories employ naturalist devices in order to develop the story. The characters and the imagery provided by either author are realist and the reader c an relate these characters and scenarios to common life with ease. The protagonist in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper is a common housewife while her husband is a physician and predictably they have a middle class background. The protagonist’s thoughts and emotions expressed in the story signify that she is an ordinary person like anyone else. The fastidious nature of the protagonist’s husband is also attributable to the trends of the time. In the late nineteenth century physicians were still discovering new methods of treatment and took their time to differentiate right treatment from wrong. The

Concepts and Models of Environmental Hazards Assignment

Concepts and Models of Environmental Hazards - Assignment Example GIS permit the combination of various types of spatial data, with non-spatial data, attribute them and use them as useful information in the various phases of disaster management (Goodchild, et al, 1996). GIS has played a fundamental role in the study of majority of the 20th and 21st century environmental concerns and especially global warming. From the quantification of glacier retreat all the way to the measurement of carbon environmental appropriation, GIS has played a major role in the collection of data, analysis of the same, modeling and also reporting or dissemination of knowledge (Goodchild, et al, 1996). Hazard A hazard is generally any source of potential harm, damage, or health effect on something or someone under particular condition. Hazards can range from biological agents like bacteria to safety hazards like slipping and machine malfunctioning (Toyos, et al, 2007). However, the common way of classifying hazards is by category where you get categories like environmental hazards, biological hazards, and physical hazards among others. Environmental hazards range in nature from geophysical hazards such as flooding, tsunami, volcanic eruption, and earthquakes to biophysical hazards like droughts and diseases. There are also technological hazards like chemical incidents various types of pollutions, and nuclear incidents, all of which threatens the long-term sustainability of the environment. Natural events such as hurricanes and earthquakes are obviously hazardous to man, which is the same case with environmental events like volcanic eruptions and tsunamis (Carrara, & Guzzetti, 1999). The disasters that can be caused by natural hazards are mainly resulting from man’s omission or commission. In this regard, I am referring to man’s actions that either increase susceptibility, or lack of appropriate actions to not only anticipate but also mitigate the possible damage of these events. A common denominator with all hazards is the risk. For an event to be categorized as a hazard it must have certain degree of risk. In fact, the best way to look at a risk is the chance or probability of harming a person if such a person is exposed to a certain event (hazard) that predisposes him/her to such a probability (Carrara, & Guzzetti, 1999). This therefore means that for an event to be classified as a hazard it much be exposing a person to risk of whatever nature. Advantages of GIS In a landslide study, data on hydrology, slope steepness, rock composition, and other factors can be combined with data on previous landslide to determine the conditions under which landslide are likely to occur (Saha, et al, 2005). To analyze all possible factors with manual techniques is almost next to impossible, therefore, only two factors can be analyzed in normal circumstance, after which the composite map are combined with the landslide inventory map. However with GIS, it is possible to analyze various factors that are associated with present cond itions and historical events, including presence of infrastructure, present land use, among others (Tassetti, et al, 2008). A good example of the application of this technique can be found in OAS/DRDE, which has been using this technique to overlay maps of slope steepness, geology, slope orientation, vegetation, and hydrology, after which it overlays the results with a landslide invento

Early childhood education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Early childhood education - Essay Example This "Early childhood education " essay describes the prevailing problems and issues regarding child practitioners and how can early childhood programs support parents in facilitating the healthy, holistic development of their children.The panelists, composed of experts in various fields proposed a four-point plan, namely: (1) strengthening policies, raising and sustaining funding and building appropariate infrastructure; (2) improving education, training and development, improving compensation and providing career opportunities for practitioners; (3) delivering high quality, evidence-based and age-appropriate programs and practices for children; and (4) building strong partnerships with parents.Ontario is struggling with the decrease in number of effective and efficient child practitioners and this greatly affects the quality of education. The following reasons have been identified: ï‚ § Several practitioners do not meet the educational requirements needed to successfully address the demands of the practice and provide high quality early learning and care for children. ï‚ § Fresh graduates of early childhood education courses opt to work in jobs other than in regulated child care. ï‚ § Several practitioners will retire in the next 5 – 10 years and there are not enough new practitioners coming in to replace them. Research has provided evidence that the early years are most crucial in an individual’s development because it is at this time when early learning and experiences determine the quality of the child’s brain structure. ... arly years are most crucial in an individual’s development because it is at this time when early learning and experiences determine the quality of the child’s brain structure, disposition and well-being. Provision of a high quality early childhood program wherein positive, stimulating learning experiences take place contribute to the child’s self-confidence and positive attitude towards learning. These are qualities that lead to greater success in school and throughout one’s life. 4. How can early childhood programs support parents in facilitating the healthy, holistic development of their children? Early childhood programs should be able to accommodate the schedules of parents in planning events that require their presence. They can also extend the children’s time in preschools or day care centers to enable parents to work. Regular communication with parents regarding concerns about their children keeps them updated about their child’s progr ess. Also, early childhood programs provide adequate information to parents about things that can help them in implementing good parenting to their children. Article Review: Heyman, J., Barrera, M. and Earle, A. (2008) The Working Poor: Canada and the World, Policy Options. The article reports the state of child poverty throughout the world, and specifically in some countries of study. It discussed how child poverty is a lingering challenge that policy-makers face and has grown to be a global issue. The article claims that child poverty may be effectively managed if parents can succeed in working while caring for their children without fear of losing their livelihood. 1. How can families rise from poverty? Poverty may be overcome when individuals are given the opportunity to work and earn for a living. When parents’

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay Human nature is the psychological and social qualities that characterize humankind. Human nature separates humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. The underlining theme of human nature is evident in Great Expectation by Charles Dickens use of his characters. A main characteristic that Dickens displays is friendship. The friendship between Pip and Herbert is strong. Herbert was significant to Pip’s growth in social class and eventual to his revelation. â€Å"Friendship was one of the human characteristics Dickens enjoyed†¦by associating fellowship with good characters and deeds, he made it known that he admires friendship. † (MacAndrew 168) Herbert aided Pip when he first came to London and made the transition an easy one. Herbert helped filled in the blanks for Pip when he was lost. Herbert saved Pip’s life when Orlick tried to kill him. When Pip needed someone to turn to Herbert was always there. In return of Herbert’s friendship Pip also helped him. Pip used the money he was getting from Magwitch to finance Herbert dream of becoming a business owner. This was a true friendship that did not falter throughout the novel. Friendship is one of the few good characteristics that Dickens indicates throughout the novel. Dickens goes beyond the bond of friendship to the bond of love. Herbert was not the only person that assisted Pip. Joe was another component to Pip’s success. Joe had deeper feelings then friendship towards Pip. Joe loved Pip like they were brothers. Joe was a simple, honest, hardworking man. Joe was a model of the man everyone should try to be. Joe was there in the beginning for Pip when he was getting picked on by Tickler or being â€Å"brought up by hand† by Mrs. Joe. Although Pip turned his back against Joe he was there in the shadows. Joe as simple as he was knew that Pip was leaving him behind. â€Å"Not wishing to intrude I have departed fur you are well again dear Pip and will do better without.† (Dickens 439) Joe knew that he would only be holding Pip back he felt like he was a burden to Pip. Joe was following the notion if you love something you should set it free. Even though Joe didn’t have much he paid Pip’s debts because of his unconditional love for Pip. Joe tried his best to protect Pip and not to bother him. This unconditional love that Joe employed over Pip became essential for Pips growth. Another good human characteristic that Dickens expresses is generosity. This came from the most unlikely person, Magwitch. Magwitch help Pip like a father type would. Magwitch is one of the characters that play a role of a parent. â€Å"Look’ee here, Pip. I’m your second father. You’re my son—more to me nor any son. I’ve put away money, only for you to spend.† (Dickens 329) Magwitch had the same love for Pip as Joe did. Magwitch did not care about his money, but instead he cared about Pip’s happiness and his dream. Magwitch was a convicted criminal that made Pip dreams come true. Although he was a convict he was morally good. He did everything he could to help Pip become the man he is at the end of the novel. â€Å"Lord strike me dead!’ I says each time—and I goes out in the open air to say it under the open heavens—‘but wot, if I gets liberty and money, I’ll make that boy a gentleman!’ And I done it.† (Dickens 351) Magwitch was the secret benefactor that was founding Pip’s journey. The generosity that Pip showed Magwitch left such impact he swore that he would repay Pips generosity. One act of random kindness change Pip’s life forever. Magwitch generosity towards Pip went far beyond the generosity that Pip showed him. Magwitch generosity did not go unnoticed by Pip though. Near the end of the novel Pip return the generosity by helping Magwitch. Dickens did not only show the positives of human nature, but also the negatives. One of the negative characteristics that Dickens looked at was cruelty. â€Å"Dickens believed the darkest facet of human nature was cruelty. He created many characters who displayed this moribund characteristic†¦by creating dark characters, Dickens made the reader disgusted with them.† (The Saturday Review 69) Dickens used a span of characters from the protagonist to minor characters to demonstrate cruelty. This was vital to Pip’s and Estella revelation because it show them there immature ways. Pip experience cruelty first hand from the very beginning. Pip’s childhood memories are frightening for him because of the torment he received from Tickler and Mrs. Joe. Joe could only protect Pip so much, but he could not save him from everything. Pip was not so kind towards Joe as Joe was to Pip. Estella was another cruel character because she did not have a heart towards men. She would use her beauty to make men fall in love with her, but would not return the love . She did not have any affection because it was driven from her at a very early age. Dickens displayed this tactic of cruelty not only in Estella, but also in Compeyson. Compeyson the man that was supposed to married Miss Havisham was a self-centered man. He tricked Miss Havisham to fall in love with him, but when he had access to her money he left on their wedding day. Compeyson also tricked Magwitch. Compeyson and Magwitch were arrested together, but Compeyson organize a plan that got him seven years in jail while Magwitch got fourteen years. The pain that Compeyson left to Miss Havisham and his manipulation of the sentence hearing gave birth to monsters seeking revenge. Dickens use of cruelty brings to life another bad human characteristic, revenge. The cruelty that Compeyson inflected lead Miss Havisham to seek revenge. Tainted from her one experience Miss Havisham distrusted all men. Miss Havisham played the other role of being a parent. She adopted Estella solo based on concept that all men were like Compeyson. Miss Havisham is the one who created Estella to be this heartless creature. Estella was one of Miss Havisham pawns in her plan of revenge. â€Å"Estella doesn’t play into her games anymore and makes her own living with Drummle†¦Miss Havisham tries to control Pip and seduced him into the thoughts of being with Estella forever.† (Chesterton 199) Pip was the other pawn that Miss Havisham was playing. â€Å"But when I fell into the mistake I have so long remained in, at least you lead me on?† said Pip â€Å"Yes, I let you on.† Miss Havisham replied. (Dickens 334) Miss Havisham convinced Pip to think that Estelle was his soul mate knowing Estella would never return the love. Miss Havisham spent the rest of her life on obtaining revenge on men. Like Miss Havisham, Magwitch sought revenge. Compeyson was also the reason behind Magwitch plan to seek revenge. Unlike Miss Havisham, Magwitch wanted direct revenge on Compeyson. Compeyson also used Magwitch for his own personal gain. This obsession leads to Magwitch unhappiness. When Magwitch achieves his goal of revenge he does not gain happiness, but rather despair. Dickens demonstrations of revenge go against any notion that revenge is good, but rather we should forgive those who trespass against us. Ungratefulness was a part of the collection of negative human characteristics that Dickens expressed. When Pip grows in social class he is ungrateful towards those below him. Pip tries to forget past and where he came from. Pip’s remarks in page 89 â€Å"Estella would consider Joe, a mere blacksmith: how think his boots, and how coarse his hands.† He treats Joe and Biddy like they are beneath him, but they are morally better people. â€Å" He rejects the love that like those Joe and Biddy offer, and he feels he will not see himself as worthy, unless he meets the approval of the cold and haughty Estella† (Whipple 381) All Pip cares for is himself and his goals. Instead of staying with Joe while he was in town he rented a room at the blue boar. Pip wanted no part of his old life and did not want it interrupt his new life. â€Å"Could have kept him away by paying money, certainly would have.† (Dickens 217) Even when Joe extended his hand to help Pip he was so superficial at the time he ignore him. Pip forgot all the things that Joe did for him. Pip became ungrateful during his transformation. Pip conflict was self-inflected with his dream of becoming a gentleman. Charles Dickens demonstrates the aspects of human nature throughout his novel Great Expectations through the use of his characters. Dickens also illustrates the positives and negatives of human nature. â€Å"Suffering has been stronger than all other teaching, and has taught me to understand what your heart used to be. I have been bent and broken, but I hope into a better shape.† (Dickens 453) Pip and Estella turmoil was self-inflected. They faced many hard ships, but only when they grasp the idea on what truly matters in life will they find their bliss. Bibliography Areview of â€Å"Great Expectations,† in the Saturday Review. London, Vol. 12. No. 299, July 20, 1861, pp. 69-70 Brattin, Joel J.. Dickens Quarterly, Sep2012, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p285-287, 3p. (Book Review) Brown, James M. Dickens: Novelist in The Market-Place. Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble, 1982. Chesterton, G.K. â€Å"Great Expectations,† in his Appreciations and Criticisms of the Works of Charles Dickens, E.P. Dutton Co., 1911, pp. 197-206 Cohen, William A.. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p215-268, 54p. (Literary Criticism) Gold, Joseph. Charles Dickens: Radical Moralist. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1972. Kirk, Neville. Labour and Society in Britain and the USA. London: Scholar P, 1994. Levine, Caroline. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p128-146, 19p. MacAndrew, Elizabeth. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p161-176, 16p. (Literary Criticism) Mittleman, Leslie B.. Masterplots, Fourth Edition, November 2010, p1-4. (Work Analysis) Author Name: Dickens, Charles Tobin, Mary Ann. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p55-67, 13p. (Literary Criticism) Whipple, Edwin P. â€Å"Reviews and Literary Notices: Great Expectations,† in the Alantic Monthly, Vol. VIII, No. XLVII, September, 1861, pp. 380-382.

Demographic Transitions Essay Example for Free

Demographic Transitions Essay This assignment was really interesting and a little tricky. The outcome of this assignment was to learn how to write a clear procedure. In my assignment, there were a few mistakes that I committed such as in the second step where I was instructed to put a medium sized bottle and, in the end I should paint small windows through which you could enjoy an underwater view. This particular instruction, however, was optional. I was also instructed to paint lots of cabinets, a little trap door, and windows to make the submarine even more colorful. I had to make 3 objects from the directions of others, but, I didn’t find any flaws in those directions. My experience in building a submarine using items found at home was very refreshing and educational. I had experienced and accomplished this kind of activity when I was in high school so, for me it wasn’t new. My inspiration for the project came when I was watching the history channel where a particular show featured a submarine, so, I just took that idea and made my own submarine with different sized bottles and adhesive tape. There were other objects to be made for this activity, but these were relatively easy and simple to make, as long as I followed the directions. As a whole, I had a very enriching and educational experience. When I finally ended the activity, I decided to make modifications and use a medium sized bottle instead, as well as paint on the additional/optional details to make my submarine more realistic and more colorful.

Globalization Barcelona Renovation

Globalization Barcelona Renovation Although many cities around the world witness the triumphs and failures of globalization in all aspects of life, Barcelona has truly been a success story. Although Barcelona is a dense city confined by the Mediterranean Sea and the mountains, it has grown to be a commercial, industrial and tourism superpower in Europe. The benefits of globalization are apparent in the dynamic metropolitan area of Barcelona, a model used for urban design and renovation of cities throughout the world. Globalization has become an inevitable progression over time, and Barcelona has embraced its ongoing growth by constructively planning for the future. The metropolitan area of Barcelona has become a center for trade, industry, commerce and tourism, with almost four million residents. To prepare for the 1992 Olympic Games held in Barcelona, the city went through drastic transformations in urban development with hopes of becoming one of Europes economic superpowers. Now, Barcelona is becoming an exemplar city for its style and synthesis of urban design and innovation. Projects such as [emailprotected] Barcelona, an efficient infrastructure organization, the refurbishment of city beaches and port areas, the construction of pleasing and practical public spaces, the melting pot of world cultures and other revitalization plans have helped globalize Barcelona and make it the â€Å"capital of the Mediterranean† (Rossi). One project helping Barcelona continue to globalize and expand its knowledge is the [emailprotected] Barcelona innovation district. In the area of Poblenou, a neighborhood that was once occupied entirely by industrial buildings and factories, a complete transformation is underway to recreate 115 blocks of â€Å"modern spaces for the strategic concentration of intensive knowledge-based activities† (â€Å"Presentation†). Two hundred hectares of land in Poblenou will be renovated in order to allow for more living, working and learning spaces. According to the [emailprotected] Barcelona website, 53% of the neighborhood has begun transformation and many new companies are relocating their businesses to the new knowledge hub of the city. â€Å"The [emailprotected] project has likewise been warmly received, according to a research carried out by the University of Barcelona in June 2007, by the business community: 925 firms have already established in the [emailprotected] district or are in the process of building their corporate HQs there. More than 50% of the companies that have moved to the [emailprotected] district since 2001 belong to one of the four strategic [emailprotected] sectors: media, ITC, MedTech or energy† (â€Å"Current State†). The area of Poblenou has a designated â‚ ¬180 million in public investment, which will give the neighborhood access to innovative technology still nonexistent in many other globalizing cities. Green spaces, digital districts and tight-knit communities of buildings are just some of the inventive concepts that are being developed in Poblenou. Once the urban, economic and social renovations have been completed, the neighborhood will be transformed into a modern, unique environment for all aspects of daily life (â€Å"Presentation†). Like the neighborhood of Poblenou, Barcelonas infrastructure is constantly being upgraded and expanded. For example, Plaà §a de les Glà ²ries Catalanes is being completely reconstructed to include an underground train station, which will rival Plaza Cataluà ±a as a popular transportation center in the city. The fundamental structure of Barcelona includes a group of efficient transportation elements, including metro systems, airport expansions, sewage improvements, bus routes, highways and railroads. Barcelona has such a well-organized, logical setup for its infrastructure throughout the city, making the city once again a prototype for urban design which other cities have proposed to duplicate. â€Å"One of Barcelonas more outstanding characteristics is that its port, airport, railroad terminal for goods, highway networks and huge logistics area are all activities set in the same geographical space. This makes Barcelona highly internationalised, occupying a strategic position in t he world-wide transport network, and a key hub for trade with Asia† (Alarcon). The infrastructure in Barcelona is an important benefit of globalization because it organizes transportation to save time and avoid congestion of persons. Unlike other cities, Barcelona has public transportation centers on almost every block, whether it includes buses, metros, ferrocarrils or tunnels. This accessibility is imperative for residents, visitors and all people traveling through Barcelona because the infrastructure is time efficient and uncomplicated. Many other cities around the world would benefit from examining Barcelonas infrastructure design, which is frequently being revamped to keep up with the changes brought about by globalization and the needs of the people. Of all the renovations completed in Barcelona, the restoration of city beaches and the enlargement of port areas have helped increase tourism and turn the eyes of the people back to the sea. Huge additions to the port have been made including: a new bridge to facilitate transportation of trucks carrying cargo, extending piers to allow for more cargo ships to dock, and the destruction of industrial buildings along the beach to once again make the sea an attraction. â€Å"The past 10 years have seen a huge transformation of both port and city, as the municipal government sought to develop Barcelonas holiday and pleasure sailing reputation in tandem with traditional commercial activities. The boom in Barcelonas commercial centres has both invigorated (and itself been further promoted) with the desire to revise the citys maritime traditions† (Alarcon). Port Olympic and the Maremagnum marina are new economic hotspots near the beach, which appeal to both residents and tourists with restaurants, bars, an aquarium and movie theaters. The port, one of Barcelonas most essential places for trade, is in the process of extending its piers to increase the frequency of trade and tourism by building more docking areas for cargo boats and cruise liners. The beaches are one of Barcelonas main attractions, which have been nearly restored to their original beauty without the deterring industrial buildings that once lined the shore. These transformations, which have been underway or completed since 1992, have increased tourism and productivity of trade in Barcelona. Both of these aspects of globalization are extremely important to the city so that it can grow and attract more investors. The innovative additions to the beach and port areas will benefit Barcelonas economy, tourism and their position in the world market. If improving the coastline will help attract more tourists to the beach, improving public spaces, park areas and dilapidated buildings will help attract more residents to the city. Globalization has led Barcelona to realize its confinement between the Mediterranean Sea and the mountains, leaving a highly dense population situated in-between that continues to grow. For that reason, the Barcelona model had planned for inevitable expansion of the city. Instead of spreading further out into the suburbs like most cities, Barcelona began the â€Å"layered multiple use† of land to build vertically opposed to horizontally (Rossi). â€Å"Across the city, parks spread out atop new highway tunnels. Parking lots hide under squares. Seventeenth-century convents are turned into libraries and cultural centers, palaces are transformed into hotels, museums sprout from former textile factories† (Rossi). Every inch of land in Barcelona has a purpose, and the city is praised for its abilit y to find the problems that exist in decaying buildings or empty spaces and repair them to make the area more eye-catching. For example, the area of El Raval was always known for its immigrant population, drug deals and prostitutes. After careful planning by the city to create a rambla in the center, add more squares throughout the neighborhood, and build the Centre de Cultura Contemporà  nia de Barcelona (CCCB), restaurants, businesses and people all want to buy space in El Raval. Besides making Barcelona more beautiful, these ongoing changes have also made the city more well-organized and useful. Cranes and angle cutters can be seen and heard throughout Barcelona, which is just a reminder that the city is working hard to keep Barcelona up-to-date with globalization needs and a constantly growing population. As the population in Barcelona increases, it is easy to see the mix of colors, races and languages that have become commonplace in this international city. For almost a century between 1850 and 1950, Spain was mainly an emigrating nation. Approximately 3.5 million people, especially temporary workers, emigrated to Argentina, Cuba, Uruguay and Brazil. However, in the late 1980s Spain became a country of immigration due to â€Å"the end of guest worker programs, the closing of the borders of traditional receiving countries, such as Germany, Switzerland, and France, the political evolution from authoritarian regimes, their proximity to the sending countries in the Maghreb, and the intense historical and economic bonds between both shores of the Mediterranean† (Ortega Pà ©rez). In 1999, the foreign-born population was 2.09% (89,744 people), but by 2005, the number of foreign inhabitants had increased to 11.13% with 531,040 people (Roca Cladera). Neighborhoods like El Raval are ho me to large numbers of immigrants, especially those from North Africa, Pakistan and Muslim communities. Projects such as the Universal Forum of Cultures, which promote human rights, cultural diversity and peace, have been established to accommodate the melting pot of cultures in the international community. â€Å"In order to promote a culturally diverse society, a series of policies have been deployed to fight the poverty and social exclusion that often go hand in hand with immigration, provide the resources required for the development of different communities in Catalonia, and, above all, encourage intercultural encounters† (Lachmann). Although Barcelona has struggled with racism and discrimination against immigrant communities, globalization has made Spain, and especially Catalonia, a desirable destination for immigrants from around the globe. The city boasts hundreds of restaurants with cuisines from every country, places for prayer for numerous religions, and cultural ce nters for the integration of immigrants. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected due to globalization and the ease of travel, immigration populations will continue to rise. Barcelona has dealt with the inevitable process of globalization by paying attention to details throughout the city, by maintaining what already exists and building what is needed for the future. From protecting the historical significance of a park bench to lining a lackluster street with palm trees, every corner in the city has been touched by globalization and yet still continues to function properly and look good. Barcelonas urban design has been used as a model for city development around the globe, due to its comprehensive planning and meticulous attention to every element of the city. According to architect Lord Richard Rogers, â€Å"Barcelona is the jewel of the crown of urban regeneration† (Rossi). Globalization has been an amazing benefit to Barcelona, because of its ability to keep up with the ever-changing, constantly growing needs of a metropolitan city. As a model for urban development and design, Barcelona has been praised for its ability to keep pace with the process of globalization, by revitalizing areas around the city and integrating them together into one functional community. The intensification of Barcelonas infrastructure development as well as the multi-layered use for expansion has helped the city to globalize, while affectively using every piece of available land for a planned residential development, park, square or office building. Without the benefit of globalization that has changed Barcelonas reputation from a run-down port town to a innovative model for designing and renovating cities, projects such as [emailprotected] Barcelona would be inconceivable and difficult to achieve. Barcelona has become a meeting place for cultures from around the world, as well as an immigration magnet for people from North Africa, South America and other emigrating nations. The new enticement created by port and beach renovations that were completed for the 1992 Olympic Games have increased tourism and turned the eyes of the city back to the Mediterranean Sea. Only time can tell how Barcelona will progress in the international spectrum of globalization, but the modern revitalization of the city has been an immense benefit for Barcelona, its visitors, and its people. Works Cited Alarcon, Jose. â€Å"Barcelonas port goes for massive growth.† International Market News. 01 Mar 2001. Trade Development Council. 6 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Current State.† [emailprotected] Barcelona. 2006. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . Lachmann, Joseph. â€Å"The Universal Forum of Cultures considers immigration as a source of social enrichment.† 09 Aug 2004. Herald Tribe. 7 Dec 2007 . Muenz, Rainer. â€Å"Europe: Population and Migration in 2005.† Feature Story. June 2006. Migration Policy Institute. 7 Dec 2007 . Ortega Pà ©rez, Nieves. â€Å"Spain: Forging an Immigration Policy.† Country Profiles. Feb 2003. Migration Policy Institute. 10 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Preamble.† Mobility pact. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . â€Å"Presentation.† [emailprotected] Barcelona. 2006. Ajuntament de Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 . Roca Cladera, Josep. â€Å"Residential mobility and foreign immigration settlement in the Metropolitan area of Barcelona.† Sixth European Urban and Regional Studies Conference. 7 Dec 2007 . Rossi, Melissa. â€Å"The Barcelona Model.† IES Barcelona. 02 Feb 2004. IES Barcelona. 6 Dec 2007 .

Our Living Shield: The First Amendment Essay -- essays research papers

Our Living Shield: The First Amendment The authors of the Constitution of the United States created a magnificent list of liberties which were, at the time ascribed, to most people belonging to the United States. The main author, James Madison, transported the previous ideas of f undamental liberties from the great libertarians around the world, such as John Lilburne, John Locke, William Walwyn and John Milton. Madison and other previous libertarians of his time were transposed into seventeen different rights which were to be secured to all those in the United States. These seventeen civil liberties were compressed into ten different groupings which were designated as the "Bill of Rights." In this document lay the First Amendment which stated that the people of the Uni ted States had the "freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government..." The First Amendment was drafted by federalist Madison mainly as a political tactic to abolish anti-federalist resistance to the Constitution. After its passage in December of 1791, the First Amendment remained more idealistic than realistic. The First Amendment remained a set of ideals which were not to be carried out during its first century, then progressed to more realistic terms during its latter half of utilization. During the first century of the First Amendment, the First Amendment was paid a glance by all when it came to actually carrying out...

The Elections of 1948 and 2004 Essay -- Politics Political Presidentia

The Elections of 1948 and 2004 The elections of 1948, and 2004 had many similarities. In both elections we had the two major political parties, plus a third independent party. We had a war going on, polls trying to predict the election, and two main candidates working on getting elected. The elections did have some differences though. Money spent, mediums campaigned through, and the number of votes for the third party. Despite the differences, there was one main similarity that stood out between the two elections, the type of rhetoric used to sway votes from both sides. In the election of 1948 Thomas Dewey rarely gave any plans, and even more rarely would he ever try to tell us why he would make a better president than incumbent Harry Truman. Instead he would complain about the new deal plans, and let his looks try and get him elected. Harry Truman was on the attack. The polls showed him far behind, so he figured he had ground to cover. He was quoted by the AP in the New York Times as saying â€Å"†¦if my opponent had the courage to discuss the issues.† (â€Å"President’s Speech in Pittsburg†). This recent election went similar. Although we did not have one candidate kick back and let his looks drive his campaign, we did have a candidate try and rely on his image to get him elected. It was viciously attacked, as well as defended. In the end, this did not seem enough to win, yet again. To get a better understanding of the outcome of this election, you must dig deeper, and examine each candidate one by one. Look at what the various candidates did to swing the vote one way or the other. Only after analyzing each candidate’s campaign can you see that the presidential election relies heavily on image, with logical reason... ...y, this does not say much for our country, and the direction we are headed in. Works Cited â€Å"The Election of 1948: Dewey defeats Truman?† C-SPAN. 17 November 2004 http://www.c-span.org/classroom/govt/1948.asp â€Å"1948: The Great Truman Surprise† Kennesaw State University Department of Political Science & International Affairs. 17 November 2004 http://www.kennesaw.edu/pols/3380/pres/1948.html â€Å"Thomas E. Dewey† Shiawassee County Michigan History. 17 November 2004. http://www.shiawasseehistory.com/tomdewey.html â€Å"Collecting Thomas E. Dewey† Shiawassee County Michigan History. 17 November 2004.http://www.shiawasseehistory.com/collect.html â€Å"Dewey Campaign† Shiawassee County Michigan History. 17 November 2004. http://www.shiawasseehistory.com/dewey.html â€Å"The Kerry-Edwards Economic Plan† 22 November 2004.http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/economic_plan.pdf>

Smokng in Bars :: essays research papers fc

Smoking in Bars   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within the last several years, health issues toward smoking have become a very popular issue. All over the nation, college students are having to deal with secondhand smoke any time they want to go out and socialize with their friends in a bar. Secondhand smoke can be very detrimental to anybody that it encounters. It is associated with an increased risk for lung cancer and coronary heart disease in nonsmoking adults (TIPS). For years communities have been working to get smoking out of their workplaces, restaurants, and now they are pushing to ban smoking from bars. If you are a non-smoker, this is a very positive movement. It is never very much fun when you go into a bar to hang out with some friends and the whole place is covered with smoke. The whole next day, on top of maybe having a slight hangover, you will probably be coughing up a lung. Where is the fun in that? This law has already been passed in many places all over the United States. Only a select few are against what is trying to be done. When these laws were being debated at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, some bar and restaurant owners showed up to voice their opinions. They called it extremist, draconian and overly broad, saying it would cause the loss of jobs and the loss of city liquor taxes. They also said the law would set an uneven playing field because it allows smoking at restaurants with outdoor patios (Cooper). Of course, you might upset a few customers, but are people going to quit coming? Troja, a manager at Johnny’s Tavern in Lawrence, does not foresee the ordinance chasing customers away. â€Å"When it comes down to it,† he said, â€Å"they’re not going to stop going to their favorite tavern just because they can’t smoke there† (Cooper, par.7). An estimated 1,700 cities across the country restrict smoking, but only 74 have smoking bans that, like in Lawrence, include the workplace as well as restaurants and bars. (Cooper) This is great. Why can’t more people follow suit? An estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 35,000 heart disease deaths occur annually among adult nonsmokers in the United States as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke (TIPS). College students do not realize that they are putting themselves at risk every time they step foot into these bars.

Comparison of life with seasons in nature Essay

At do you understand by the Standard Meridian? Answer Standard Meridian is the longitude on the basis of which a country’s standard time is determined. Standard meridians all over the world are generally those longitudes which are exactly divisible by 15 °. The Standard Meridian of India lies at 82 ° 30†² E longitude and it passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh. The Indian Standard Time is five hours and thirty minutes ahead of the Greenwich Mean Time. Q4) Why is Indian Ocean named after India? Answer Indian Ocean is named after India because India has the longest coastline on the ocean. It is surrounded by the ocean from three sides. The Indian Ocean serves as the major channel for India’s trade with other countries through sea route. It is the strategic importance of India on the Indian Ocean that has resulted in naming the ocean after India. Why has 82 ° 30†² E been chosen as the Standard Meridian of India? Answer 82 ° 30†² E has been chosen as the Standard Meridian of India because this longitude passes through the middle of the country. This balances the time gap of two hours between the westernmost and easternmost parts of India. Also, 82 ° 30†² E is exactly divisible by 15 i.e., a difference of 30 minutes. What is the reason for the time difference of two hours between the western most and eastern most parts of India? Answer There is a time lag of two hours between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east. This is because of the difference of almost 30 ° in terms of longitudinal coordinates between Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh, the westernmost and the easternmost parts of the country, respectively. According to the time system, time increases from west to east by one hour with every 15 °. Since Arunachal Pradesh is 30 ° ahead of Gujarat, there is a time gap of two hours between the two. Which Indian states share their boundaries with Pakistan? What is the effect of this? Answer Four Indian states, namely Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat  share their boundaries with Pakistan. Owing to their boundaries with Pakistan, these Indian states are of strategic importance to India. Heavy military forces are always deployed in the border areas of these states. Safety of the people of these states is a paramount concern for the government, as India does not share a friendly relation with Pakistan. 7) What is the significance of the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar? Where are they situated? Answer The Gulf of Munnar and the Palk Strait are situated in the Indian Ocean towards south of India. They are significant because they form the main dividing line between India and Sri Lanka. The narrow channel of sea formed by the Gulf of Munnar and the Palk Strait divides the Indian peninsula from the island nation of Sri Lanka. Q9) What were the main reasons that facilitated the growth of trade relations of India with the far-off lands? Answer Since ancient times, India has enjoyed the benefits of a favourable location in its trade relations with other countries. It is centrally located in Asia and has access to both land and sea. Since ancient times, India was well connected with countries of West Asia, Europe and China through land routes. These trade routes facilitated the exchange of goods and people on a large scale. Also, India is surrounded by sea from three sides. This opened-up the vast possibilities of maritime trade for India with south-east Asian and African countries. Owing to these favourable conditions, India was able to amass huge wealth through its foreign trade. Describe India’s location in the world. Answer India is located in the northern hemisphere. It is a southward extension of Asia. India has a total area of 3.28 million square km. It is surrounded by sea from three sides. Towards its south is the Indian Ocean, to the east is the Bay of Bengal and to the west is the Arabian Sea. The geographical coordinates of India are 8 ° 4†² N to 37 ° 6†² N latitudes and 68 °7†² E to 97 ° 25†² E longitudes. Tropic of Cancer (23 ° 30†² N) passes midway through India. India has two groups of islands: the Andaman and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal and the Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea. India’s north is bestowed with the mighty Himalayas. It is a favourably located country in the world.

African Americans Essay

The African American journey has been one of trials and tribulations which they suffered greatly to achieve freedom and success. The battle has led the citizens of this nation to have witnessed the first African American President of the United States. The journey that has brought African Americans to the present situation has seen intermittent successes and numerous setbacks. Perseverance from many generations has brought about a gradual but progressive change. The journey begun in a state of slavery, through the act of slavery racism was seen in its rarest forms. The long journey emerged from African Americans being sold to white traders and transported across the Atlantic Ocean. Slaves were auctioned off and sold to the highest bidders. African Americans were considered personal property of the white man and viewed as economic commodity. Their strength and endurance was formed as a result of working in the fields and kitchens from sunrise to sunset. The slaves lived off of the bare necessities in life. This act of slavery existed for decades and helped to shape the course of American history. From slavery to the March on Washington and many other events, African Americans have fought for their rights in United States, and have achieved their identity through many historical movements. The 13th Amendment to the US Constitution officially abolished slavery and freed the slaves to make a life for themselves as the Reconstruction Period. During the Reconstruction Era (1867) African Americans still suffered hardships under the leadership of Andrew Johnson who became president after Lincoln had got assassinated in 1865. Andrew Johnson had no intention of helping the African Americans he wanted to punish the slaveholders in the South. Andrew Jackson opposed giving African Americans the freedom to vote or equal rights. 1870 the 15th Amendment was ratified and became a law that specified African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 3 African American men had the right to vote. Voting was part of African Americans receiving civil liberties. The Civil Rights Movement and racial oppression were very significant moments in the American history. Exploitation was seen based on the color of one’s skin. Oppression was the way to keep the African American’s voice unheard. The dominant race manipulated America and shaped it according to the value of one race in society. Gaining equality was the essence of the struggle for African Americans in which white society pushed to prohibit African Americans from gaining any form of equality. Americans were uninformed and unaware of how corrupt the government officials were. During the historical journey of the African Americans the government failed to have all humans’ best interest in mind. The African American Journey Devastation of trials and tribulations were prevalent among the African Americans before 1865. The Civil War put a new twist on how society tuned into a racist world. Racism was very powerful and demanding during this period in life. Racism still prevails in the present tense only in more subtle ways. Before 1865 issues with slavery depicted lynching, segregation, low wages for job performances and derogatory defamation of character within a race due to skin pigmentation. Slavery and degradation never killed the desire of freedom and a promising future for African Americans. This was one of the foremost occurrences of hatred and dehumanizing of man because of the color of their skin. This exemplified the state of condition the African Americans were placed and recognized that another race was superior or had power over another race. African Americans were considered powerless over their own lives. The Emancipation African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 4 Proclamation and the Thirteenth Amendment were passed by a strong leader named Abraham Lincoln, which declared all of America’s slaves were free by 1865. In 1865, African Americans were finally feeling like human beings and not like property that endured brutality, harsh whippings, no rights as humans and cruel punishment. The passing of various civil liberty movements’, education, employment and voting privileges improved. Fox (2014) stated that southern blacks were impatient in seeking voting privileges. The U. S. Constitution gave all blacks a nominal right to vote, but southern blacks were often blocked at the polls, and racial apartheid was the foundation of a rigid caste system. The Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendment abolished slavery and Americans were making strides to work things out. After the release of slaves the black codes of law were passed laws, statues, and rules enacted by southern states after the Civil War to gain control over the slaves again and protect the white man’s property from retaliation. The slave owners were worried that they had to do the Plantation work themselves after the slaves were freed, and blacks would want revenge on them because of the hardships of oppression over hundreds of years. Progression of African Americans throughout the 18th and 19th centuries was a struggle. The relationships between blacks and whites were, frustrating and intense, primarily because the concept of reigning in superior positions over African Americans lives in respect to finances, social activities, cultural values or political affiliations has not changed significantly. African Americans fought for equal opportunity and their rights as a human race. They struggled to fit in with society. Despite the developments and changes, many fiscal and visual (how they were perceived) characteristics of African Americans at the end of the nineteenth century did not African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 5 differ from that of the mid-1800s. 1865-1876 was considered a time of change for African Americans but racism continued to cause much pain and despair for African Americans. Two significant events that surfaced to support the emergence of African Americans was the Harlem Renaissance Movement (1920) and the Civil Rights Movement. The Harlem Renaissance contributed to the talents and cultural beliefs of African Americans. They were able to bring perspective and pride to their lives. Harlem Renaissance was defined as: The Harlem Renaissance was the name given to the cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem between the end of World War I and the middle of the 1930s. During this period Harlem was a cultural center, drawing black writers, artists, musicians, photographers, poets, and scholars. Many had come from the South, fleeing its oppressive caste system in order to find a place where they could freely express their talents (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1). African Americans felt they were able to make specific contributions to society and start communicating their feelings, beliefs and values to others. The Harlem Renaissance Movement brought different racial groups together in appreciation of the music and poetry but did not have much success in breaking the racial divide between the races that were expressed in the Jim Crow excerpts. â€Å"The Renaissance incorporated jazz and the blues, attracting whites to Harlem speakeasies, where interracial couples danced. It contributed to a certain relaxation of racial attitudes among young whites, but its greatest impact was to reinforce race pride among blacks† (Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002, p. 1). The 1964 Civil Rights Movement gave African Americans the right to take a stand against racism. Racial discrimination was a major problem that caused havoc in the lives of African Americans. Several events emerged from the Civil Rights African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 6 movement that made a significant impact on the lives of African Americans- the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Black Power Movement. The events above promoted a means of outlawing racial discrimination. Segregation was protested through political and social protest rallies and campaigns. The Black Power Movement gave African Americans a voice to be heard. Political and religious reasons were heard as their voices resonated throughout society. â€Å"The African American movement gained political legitimacy because it politicized the grievances of collective memory and appealed to a common ancestry to regain for this people cultural, political, and economic rights by rejecting subordination and White cultural supremacy or hegemony† (Jalata, 2002, p. 1). Before the Civil Rights Movement America was considered in the realms of practicing apartheid. All African Americans were humiliated, denied their civil rights and liberties, dehumanized and suffered tremendous hardships. Several movements initiated progress for African Americans. They were finally gaining their rights to live as human beings and become a part of society. â€Å"But the awkward truth is that when it comes to the goals laid down by the civil rights movement in general and Brown in particular, America is actually going backward† (Younge, 2014, p. 10). A school in Little Rock marked a turn in events for African Americans. This was in 1957 when the governor issued an order to the National Guard troops to stop the nine black children from entering the school. The order was denied and a mob of white students intimidated the black students. Federal soldiers escorted the black students into the school and were protected by the armed guards. The governor, African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 7 Faubus, closed all of the city’s schools to prevent integration. The African Americans prevailed regardless of the circumstances. According to Pearson Education (2000) other events that marked a period of setbacks and progression in the lives of African Americans are: †¢1931 NINE BLACK YOUTHS ARE INDICTED IN SCOTTSBORO, ALA., ON CHARGES OF HAVING raped two white women. †¢1947 JACKIE ROBINSON BREAKS MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL’S COLOR BARRIER WHEN HE IS signed to the Brooklyn Dodgers by Branch Rickey. †¢1952 MALCOLM X BECOMES A MINISTER OF THE NATION OF ISLAM. OVER THE NEXT several years his influence increases until he is one of the two most powerful members of the Black Muslims. †¢1963 MARTIN LUTHER KING WAS ARRESTED FOR MARCHING AGAINST ANTI-SEGREGATION. †¢1966 THE BLACK PANTHERS WAS FOUNDED. †¢1967 THURGOOD MARSHALL WAS APPOINTED TO THE SUPREME COURT. †¢2002 HALLE BERRY AND DENZEL WASHINGTON RECEIVED OSCARS FOR BEST ACTORS. †¢1992 RACIAL RIOTS ARE SEEN IN LOS ANGELES AFTER ACQUITTING FOUR WHITE BOYS FOR beating Rodney King. African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 8 †¢2005 CONDOLEEZZA RICE BECOMES THE FIRST BLACK FEMALE U. S. SECRETARY OF STATE. †¢2009 BARACK OBAMA BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESIDENT. Many problems that exist today seem to be repeating themselves. America seems to be making an upturn and the ugly faces of racism are reappearing. Younge (2014) stated that schools are re-segregating, legislation is being gutted, it’s getting harder to vote, large numbers are being deprived of their basic rights through incarceration, and the economic disparities between black and white are growing. In many areas, America is becoming more separate and less equal. Overcoming hurdles was nothing new to Obama and Colin Powell. Both men achieved success in American society. Obama became the first black president and Colin Powell became Secretary of State and served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Barack Obama is the first African American President of the United States and that is considered a very important step forward in this country. His administration has been one of struggle and plight to succeed because of the turmoil going on in the nation. Obama has succeeded in great ways without the support of many Republicans in the house. Asked â€Å"So, how has being Black affected your ability to govern? ,† Obama replied in part: â€Å"By virtue of being African-American, I’m attuned to how throughout this country’s history there have been times when folks have been locked out of opportunity, and because of the hard work of people of all races† (Cooper, 2012, p. 11). Obama has been successful in making equal opportunity a solution to African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 9 many problems. He has slowly opened the doors to more people and made equal opportunity happen through vigilance and determination. A great historical event occurred when Obama was elected as President. This surprised many Americans in the world. This symbolized a step forward towards racial equality in the history of African Americans. This election captured several important turn of events that said we have made great accomplishments. This completed the Civil Rights Movement and what it stood for, an emergence of a post-racial society, the elimination of multiculturalism and the possibility of ending the black struggle. There were several activist that would not have concluded that the black struggle has ended. Those people were Marcus Garvey, Ella Baker and Huey P. Newton. Their beliefs were based on specific facts that unifying scattered people of African descent, inspiring racial pride, and ultimately creating a separate, independent country should be the goals of racial uplift. Garvey thought black people were oppressed and divided as a race. Because they were ‘scattered as an unmixed and unrecognized part’ in numerous nations they were dependent upon the other races for kindness and sympathy. Many people have struggled to explain the plight of the African American race but the journey was one of hardship, courage and endurance that built character. The African American race has come a long way from cruelty and hardship inflicted during the 1800’s. The journey encompassed freedom, voting rights, civil liberties and equality. African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 10 References Blackpast. org. (2007). African American history timeline 1901-2000. Retrieved from http://www. blackpast. org/timelines/african-american-history-timeline-1900-2000 Cooper, K. J. (2012). The President’s Report Card. Crisis (15591573), 119(4), 6. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=88314705&site=eds-live Educational Broadcasting Corporation (2002). The Harlem Renaissance. Retrieved from http://www. pbs. org/wnet/jimcrow/stories_events_harlem. html Fox Piven, F. (2014). 50 and FIGHTING. Planning, 80(6), 10. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=f5h&AN=96548704&site=eds-live Jalata, A. (2002). Revisiting the black struggle: Lessons for the 21st century. Journal of Black Studies, 33(1). Retrieved from African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present 11 http://search.ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=edb&AN=7268500&site=eds-live Kirk, J. (2009). THE LONG ROAD TO EQUALITY. History Today, 59(2), 52-58. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=36590274&site=eds-live Pearson Education. (2000). African American history timeline. Retrieved from http://www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmtimeline. html Younge, G. (2014). The Awkward Truth about Race. Nation, 298(24), 10-11. Retrieved from http://search. ebscohost. com. proxy-library. ashford. edu/login. aspx? direct=true&db=aph&AN=96204081&site=eds-live.