Christopher Marlowes The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doc

Christopher Marlowe's The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus For a play that has retained much of its scholarly value over the four hundred and ten years, there is surprisingly little known about Christopher Marlowe’s masterpiece, The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus. The date of its first performance is unknown, and is highly obscured by the added facts that there are two texts of Doctor Faustus, one published in 1604; the other in 1616 (Ribner viii). Christopher Marlowe, even in these early times, set a standard for tragic plays, which would not be rivaled until Shakespeare unleashed his literary landmarks at around the same time Marlowe’s career ended. Despite the lack of specifics on this seminal work, it is still easy to feel the pain Christopher Marlowe wished to convey with this text. Within the rich dialogue of The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus, Christopher Marlowe attempts to communicate a personal struggle; both emotional and spiritual, between what Marlowe views as human nature and what the world views as God’s desires for man, and the overwhelming feelings of loss which accompany this struggle. Doctor Faustus is a play that thrives primarily on the discourses that abound throughout its length. In the dialogue between the two main characters, Doctor Faustus himself, and the demon Mephistophilis, one finds almost the entirety of the play. Doctor Faustus â€Å"†¦is a man who of his own conscious willfulness brings tragedy and torment crashing down on his head†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Cole 191). Faustus finds himself melancholic with the pursuit of knowledge he has thus far attained, commenting: â€Å"Be a physician, Faustus; heap up gold, And be eternized for some wonderous cure†¦ Why, Faustus, hast thou not attained that end? Is it not thy common talk sound aphorisms?† (Ribner 5) He has grown sick of the pursuit of knowledge as he sees it, and believing himself to have become educated in all of the worlds major subjects, seeks the power of God himself (Ellis-Fermor, 74). Through the art of conjuring spirits, commenting, â€Å"†¦A sound magician is a mighty God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ribner 7). The human lust for power has reached a new height in Faustus, and to attain what he desires, the easiest means are demonic. On his way to making the decision to enlist infernal forces in his quest for power, Faustus is prodded by friends, Valdes and ... ...ssey Press, 1966. Masinton, Charles G. Christopher Malowe’s Tragic Vision, a Study in Damnation. Athens: Ohio University Press. 1972. Thomas, Vivien, and Tydeman, William, ed. Christopher Marlowe : the Plays and Their Sources. London ; New York : Routledge, 1994. Sharma, Jitendra Kumar. Christopher Marlowe, Doctor Faustus : a Criticism. New Delhi : Sterling Publishers Private, 1985. Marcus, Leah Sinanoglou. Unediting the Renaissance : Shakespeare, Marlowe, Milton. London ; New York : Routledge, 1996. Ellis-Fermor, Una Mary. â€Å"Faustus†. Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Text and Major Criticism. ed. Irving Ribner. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1966. Kirschbaum, Leo. â€Å"Marlowe’s Faustus: A Reconsideration†. Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus, Text and Major Criticism. ed. Irving Ribner. New York: The Odyssey Press, 1966. Dabbs, Thomas. Reforming Marlowe : The Nineteenth Century Canonization of a Renaissance Dramatist. Lewisburg: Bucknell University Press ; London : Associated University Presses, 1991. Aquinas, St. Thomas. â€Å"On the eternity of the world (De Aeternitate Mundi)†. Trans. Vollert, Cyril. Milwaukee, Marquette University Press, 1964.

Avian Song Control :: Birds Bird Neorology Essays

Avian Song Control Bird songs continue to fascinate neurobiologists and neuroethologists because the development of song has been a popular model used to examine the role of environment on behavior. In most species, only male birds sing complex songs. Their vocalizations are the result of sexual dimorphism in the brain regions responsible for the production of song. However, this behavior is not genetically hardwired into the avian brain. Certain conditions must exist in order for male birds to successfully produce their species-specific song. Additionally, the neuronal circuitry and structure of the avian song system shows high levels of plasticity. If the brain and behavior are indistinguishable, then the structural differences in the avian brain are responsible for behavioral differences across the sexes. Nottebohm and colleagues identified six anatomically distinct regions of the forebrain involved in the production of song, which are arranged into two independent pathways, the posterior pathway, which controls song production, and the anterior pathway, which controls song learning. The collective unit is typically referred to as the vocal control region (VCR) (1) (2). Female birds sing rarely and this behavioral difference is reflective of the anatomy of the female avian brain. There are significant differences in the size of three neural areas involved in the production of song across the sexes, and a specific area, Area X, is present in the male and absent in the female. Additionally, the incorporation of radiolabeled testosterone in certain locations is different in males and females (3) (4). Scientists have been particularly interested in the origin of the structural differences in male and female songbirds. Research has suggested the importance of gonadal hormones, specifically testosterone in the production of song. It was observed that castration eliminated all song production (5). Additionally, when testosterone levels are low, there is not only a decrease in the production of song, but also a decrease in the size of some nuclei involved in song production (6). Further support for the necessity of testosterone for song production was demonstrated by Nottebohm (1980) when he injected female birds with testosterone, which lead to the production of song (7). This research has interesting implications regarding anatomical changes that may occur when an organism is chemically imbalanced. Disruptions in chemical equilibrium may alter brain structure and subsequently influence behavior. Nevertheless, not all research has supported the claim that testosterone is responsible for anatomical and behavioral differences between male and female songbirds. Avian Song Control :: Birds Bird Neorology Essays Avian Song Control Bird songs continue to fascinate neurobiologists and neuroethologists because the development of song has been a popular model used to examine the role of environment on behavior. In most species, only male birds sing complex songs. Their vocalizations are the result of sexual dimorphism in the brain regions responsible for the production of song. However, this behavior is not genetically hardwired into the avian brain. Certain conditions must exist in order for male birds to successfully produce their species-specific song. Additionally, the neuronal circuitry and structure of the avian song system shows high levels of plasticity. If the brain and behavior are indistinguishable, then the structural differences in the avian brain are responsible for behavioral differences across the sexes. Nottebohm and colleagues identified six anatomically distinct regions of the forebrain involved in the production of song, which are arranged into two independent pathways, the posterior pathway, which controls song production, and the anterior pathway, which controls song learning. The collective unit is typically referred to as the vocal control region (VCR) (1) (2). Female birds sing rarely and this behavioral difference is reflective of the anatomy of the female avian brain. There are significant differences in the size of three neural areas involved in the production of song across the sexes, and a specific area, Area X, is present in the male and absent in the female. Additionally, the incorporation of radiolabeled testosterone in certain locations is different in males and females (3) (4). Scientists have been particularly interested in the origin of the structural differences in male and female songbirds. Research has suggested the importance of gonadal hormones, specifically testosterone in the production of song. It was observed that castration eliminated all song production (5). Additionally, when testosterone levels are low, there is not only a decrease in the production of song, but also a decrease in the size of some nuclei involved in song production (6). Further support for the necessity of testosterone for song production was demonstrated by Nottebohm (1980) when he injected female birds with testosterone, which lead to the production of song (7). This research has interesting implications regarding anatomical changes that may occur when an organism is chemically imbalanced. Disruptions in chemical equilibrium may alter brain structure and subsequently influence behavior. Nevertheless, not all research has supported the claim that testosterone is responsible for anatomical and behavioral differences between male and female songbirds.

Is Charlies Operation a Success? Essay example -- English Literature

Is Charlie's Operation a Success? Many medical operations are performed everyday, and sometimes they can change a person’s life forever. They can alter the way a person thinks or their personality traits. Picture someone who is so determined to become smart, that they risk their own life for it. It could be just for a moment, their whole life, or it could not even work. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon did just this. He was a 32-year-old mentally challenged man, who worked at Donner’s Bakery as a janitor. Charlie risked his life in order to have an experimental operation, which could potentially make him smart forever and raise his IQ to above average or to the level of a genius. The operation that Charlie underwent had many consequences, and he had to pay a sad price for trying to get smarter. Charlie’s operation was unsuccessful because he experienced painful flashbacks concerning his childhood, it caused a dramatic change to his personality in comparison to what he was prior to his operation, and he also suffered from loneliness. Firstly, Charlie’s operation made him have many upsetting nightmares, like remembering painful memories of his childhood. As a child, children took advantage of Charlie, because he was mentally challenged. Even his mother and sister made fun of him, and were ashamed to be related to him. One particularly painful memory happened on Valentine’s Day. All the boys, including Charlie, had feelings for a girl named Harriet. Charlie wanted to give Harriet a card, so he asked one of his schoolmates, Hymie, to write, â€Å"Dear Harriet, I think you are the most prettiest girl in the whole world. I like you very much and I love you. I want you to be my valentime. Your friend, Charlie Gordon.† Hymie took advantage of the situation and wrote something dirty to make Harriet think that Charlie was a perverted person. Charlie did not realize what Hymie had done, and he gave the card to Harriet. She got mad at him, and her two older brothers, Gus and Oscar, beat up Charlie and k nocked his teeth out. This incident caused Charlie to move to a new school. (Keyes 37-38). Charlie was an innocent boy, and his fellow schoolmates took advantage of him. They caused him to move schools for no fault of his own. Similar to that situation, was a flashback Charlie had of his mother and sister who treated him like trash. Charlie’s mother, ... ...lity in comparison to what he was before he had the operation, and it also caused him to suffer from loneliness. Due to all of the negative effects of the operation, Charlie’s intelligence deteriorated, and he made the wise decision to stay at the Warren Home School. Charlie would have been better off without the experimental operation to make him smarter, because he would not have lost his friends, he would maintain his friendly personality, and he could continue to live the life he liked to live. The operation messed up Charlie’s life and caused him to lose everything he possessed. He always thought that people who were smart had more friends, but it turned out that after his operation, he lost all his friends and this proved his statement wrong. He describes this well when he says, â€Å"When I was retarded I had lots of friends. Now I have no one. † (Keyes 174). He realized that it is who ‘you are’ that takes to have a lot of friends. It is b est not to tamper with God’s creation and let things happen naturally. Whether good or bad happens in your life, you must have faith and trust in the plans that God has in store for everyone, or one day, people could end up like Charlie Gordon. Is Charlie's Operation a Success? Essay example -- English Literature Is Charlie's Operation a Success? Many medical operations are performed everyday, and sometimes they can change a person’s life forever. They can alter the way a person thinks or their personality traits. Picture someone who is so determined to become smart, that they risk their own life for it. It could be just for a moment, their whole life, or it could not even work. In the book, Flowers for Algernon, Charlie Gordon did just this. He was a 32-year-old mentally challenged man, who worked at Donner’s Bakery as a janitor. Charlie risked his life in order to have an experimental operation, which could potentially make him smart forever and raise his IQ to above average or to the level of a genius. The operation that Charlie underwent had many consequences, and he had to pay a sad price for trying to get smarter. Charlie’s operation was unsuccessful because he experienced painful flashbacks concerning his childhood, it caused a dramatic change to his personality in comparison to what he was prior to his operation, and he also suffered from loneliness. Firstly, Charlie’s operation made him have many upsetting nightmares, like remembering painful memories of his childhood. As a child, children took advantage of Charlie, because he was mentally challenged. Even his mother and sister made fun of him, and were ashamed to be related to him. One particularly painful memory happened on Valentine’s Day. All the boys, including Charlie, had feelings for a girl named Harriet. Charlie wanted to give Harriet a card, so he asked one of his schoolmates, Hymie, to write, â€Å"Dear Harriet, I think you are the most prettiest girl in the whole world. I like you very much and I love you. I want you to be my valentime. Your friend, Charlie Gordon.† Hymie took advantage of the situation and wrote something dirty to make Harriet think that Charlie was a perverted person. Charlie did not realize what Hymie had done, and he gave the card to Harriet. She got mad at him, and her two older brothers, Gus and Oscar, beat up Charlie and k nocked his teeth out. This incident caused Charlie to move to a new school. (Keyes 37-38). Charlie was an innocent boy, and his fellow schoolmates took advantage of him. They caused him to move schools for no fault of his own. Similar to that situation, was a flashback Charlie had of his mother and sister who treated him like trash. Charlie’s mother, ... ...lity in comparison to what he was before he had the operation, and it also caused him to suffer from loneliness. Due to all of the negative effects of the operation, Charlie’s intelligence deteriorated, and he made the wise decision to stay at the Warren Home School. Charlie would have been better off without the experimental operation to make him smarter, because he would not have lost his friends, he would maintain his friendly personality, and he could continue to live the life he liked to live. The operation messed up Charlie’s life and caused him to lose everything he possessed. He always thought that people who were smart had more friends, but it turned out that after his operation, he lost all his friends and this proved his statement wrong. He describes this well when he says, â€Å"When I was retarded I had lots of friends. Now I have no one. † (Keyes 174). He realized that it is who ‘you are’ that takes to have a lot of friends. It is b est not to tamper with God’s creation and let things happen naturally. Whether good or bad happens in your life, you must have faith and trust in the plans that God has in store for everyone, or one day, people could end up like Charlie Gordon.

Culturally Competent Paper Essay

Introduction Cultural competence care is borrowed from the aspects of cultural competence in any other work or personal environment. Cultural competence refers to the aspect of developing awareness of the personal existence, thought, sensation as well as the environment, without letting this knowledge have any form of influence on other people’s backgrounds, thoughts and opinions (Murphy, 2011). This means that one has to respect the cultural aspects of those around them, by accepting and appreciating their differences without any form of prejudice. When this element of cultural awareness is introduced in the nursing field, cultural competence care thus can be said to refer to the ability of the registered nurse to offer highly specialized care, with complete knowledge and appreciation of the patient’s cultural beliefs and attitudes in mind, with respect to disease, pain, healing, diet, religion, communication and death among others (Douglas et al., 2014). Due to our society consisting of people from many diverse backgrounds, the registered nurse is always faced with new challenges as they meet and interact with patients from differing backgrounds (Taylor, 2011). The most important aspect of health care delivery that is centered on the patient is that the nurse needs to respect the decision of the patient (Douglas et al., 2011). This aspect is due to the fact that, the patients are supposed to be incorporated in every other decision that the nurse and other members of the health care team have to make over the life and treatment of the patient. With close reference to the aspect of cultural differences, there are patients that will be particularly cautious of their cultural beliefs and in most of the cases will want these beliefs to be respected and maintained at all times. As mentioned earlier, these beliefs may range from, diets, clothing, gender of the attendant, religious observations to matters relating to pain, healing and death (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). As such the nurse has to work with the patient and the family to come to an understanding and  agreement on the best way forward. In an example, it is common for registered nurses to be faced with patients who do not want to be attended by nurses of the opposite sex. It is important that the nurses understand that this is not the patient’s way of saying that they do not need help. They just want help that coincides with their cultural beliefs, which they are entitled to at all time (Murphy, 2011). Guidelines for Registered Nurses For the registered nurse to be in a position to offer the best care on the ground of cultural competence there are a few guidelines that can help them achieve their goals with much ease. It is important, that guidelines are implemented across the board, such that all the nurses from the different sections integrate them into their practices (Douglas et al., 2014). This way there will be uniformity in the provision of care among all the nurses and thus streamline the nursing practice culture in the health care facility involved. a. Personal Reflection For a nurse to understand the beliefs of the patient that come their way, they would have to first evaluate their own beliefs. The term cultural self-awareness comes to mind in which one objectively examines their own beliefs, values, practices and family experiences (Taylor, 2011.) Cultural self-awareness is important, that way the nurse can create the same level of self awareness that the patient has. Much like the nurses have their own preferences that are culturally related, the patients too have the same and would want to be understood and respected not judged on these grounds (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). This is the first step towards enhancing the nurse’s ability to provide culturally competent care. b. Gaining Knowledge of the Cultures Ideally this means that the nurse should take their time to gain understanding of the cultures of the patients that they are attending. The registered nurse should take interest in learning the traditions, perspective, values, family systems and practices among other culturally relevant material of the patient (Douglas et al., 2011). Different patients will have different beliefs that they observe and it is important for the nurse to stay ahead of the curve, by familiarizing themselves with the  different cultures around them. c. Involve the Patient Patient empowerment and advocacy is one of the crucial pillars of any health care practices that put the patients at the center of their practices (Douglas et al., 2014). When treating the patients, registered nurses should make sure that they include the patient, family and friends in the decision-making circle (Murphy, 2011). Making health decisions is crucial to the patient, and it has to be done in manner that, the patient is actually involved in the process. d. Communicating Cross-Culturally Communication is very important in any relationship, but it is particularly important in the patient/nurse relationship. In this case, it is crucial that the registered nurse learns how to communicate with the patients. Communication is defined as the process of exchanging information and generating and transmitting meanings between two or more individuals (Taylor, 2011). Communication is not limited to verbal but also spreads to the ability to interpret nonverbal language cues (Murphy, 2011). This is essential as it indicates that the nurse actually respects and dignifies the patient. Miscommunication between nurse and patient much like in general conversation between any two strangers can cause a lot of controversies. It is important that the nurse understands the information being transmitted and looks at their patient’s response before making a rushed judgment. Incorporating culturally competent care in nursing practices Self-awareness is the initial step that every regist ered nurse should take before trying to understand their patients. By becoming self-aware, it is much easier for the nurse to understand the beliefs and the values of their patients (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). To integrate this aspect in their practices, registered nurses need to get in touch with their inner values and reflect on them, before making any assumption on the part of the patient. By doing this the nurse will be in a position to challenge their assumptions and personal believes as they dispense personal practices and professional ones. It is also important to note that this is a practice that should start at the student nurse level and go into the professional levels. Building on one’s cultural knowledge, can help the nurse go along way into the aspect of understanding the patients and their needs. Registered nurses should never  make assumptions and generalize the patients and their beliefs. Different patients will have different sets of beliefs and it crucial to understand the specific details, creating the differences. Nurses should use their knowledge of the cultural differences to understand the impacts they will have on values, behavior and attitudes of each patient. They will also use this knowledge to establish the impact they will have on the health care policies and the resources at the hospital (Douglas et al., 2014). At the center of the cultural awareness and health care provision is the ability of the nurse to communicate with patients and other medical team members. One of the basic aspects of integrating proper communication skills in their work, registered nurses should understand the essence of quality communication (Douglas et al., 2011). This means that they need to value the basic rules of communication. At the same time they also need to have a wealth of understanding with reference to the verbal and nonverbal communication elements. It is advisable that the nurse try and pick up some of the common phrases used by the patient’s culture. In the example, when a nurse asks their patient whether they are having any pain, in the patient’s language, there is the element of the patient feeling appreciated. While it may be taken as a light gesture, it is actually very strong and creates a strong between the patient and the nurse (Murphy, 2011). The idea of having patient-centered care that is culturally nourished cannot happen if the patient is not actually involved in their own care (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). In the implementation of the patient-centered care, the registered nurse needs to understand that, whether all the other guidelines are observed, if the patient is not involved in their health care decisions, the program is doomed to fail. Understanding the patient’s language, values, practices and preferences are not enough if these are not recognized in creating a platform where the patient is involved in the decision-making process. The Importance of Incorporating Patient’s Cultural Needs Health care has made some very, major leaps since the 60s. It is no longer a practice associated with helping the patient heal and go back to their lives, but it is much more complex and patient-centered. In the past, the doctors and the nurses made the decision and told the patient when they felt the need to inform (Douglas et al., 2011). Due to the level of  globalization, nurses now get to treat patients from across the globe while at the same time they also get a chance to work in different areas of the world. Learning to interact with the different cultures across the globe is crucial to the development of the patient-centered health care services. For nurses, it is very crucial to ensure that they understand the various cultures to deliver quality care. By understanding the various communications cues in a certain language, whether verbal or nonverbal, it reduces friction between the nurse and the patient. This means that the nurse is able to establish a cordial relationship with the patient and their families. At the same time the nurse also understands the barriers that can inhibit their delivery of care and avoid them or work to refine their skills. When a registered nurse incorporates cultural awareness in their care, they give the indication that they are respectful to the patients. Patients recovering in a hospital are not only battling with physical illness, rather they are also having social and emotional difficulties to deal with. When the nurse shows that they understand, it makes the patient feel much better and this increases the chances of recovery, physically and mentally. For a nurse, incorporating the cultural awareness aspect into their care delivery ensures that they are liberated from social stereotypes (Douglas et al., 2014). By learning the different cultures across the cultural divide, the nurse is skilled with the right knowledge to work anywhere in the world. It is not possible to work across borders if one is still affected by cultural prejudice and preferences (Murphy, 2011). By making sure that one understands their culture, they adapt an open mind, where they are able to relate to the different cultures. It also means that the nurse is able to work with different nurses from varying backgrounds. Cross cultural skills are not limited to the nurse-patient relations, due to the fact that the workplaces are now multicultural. Cultural Practices in Health Care Cultural needs have to be incorporated in the delivery of quality health care where possible. The different aspects that demand patient needs are incorporated in the health care services. Diet is one of the major aspects that has to be incorporated in the health care services. Different cultures have different diets that they observe, and these have to be maintained even  at the hospital (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). Patients that are of the Muslim faith do not eat pork and as such cannot eat meals containing the same in the hospital. Dietary teaching must be individualized according to cultural values (Taylor, 2011). Some cultures also do not allow nurses of the opposite sex to attend to them (Douglas et al., 2011). It is also common that patients will have some form of preferential clothing that they would want to wear. At the time of death, some cultures have rituals that may involve the services of spiritual/religious leaders and traditional healers. Some of the most common rituals in the Hispanic culture include prayers, placing candles in the room, picture of saints in the room, cleansing the body and inviting priests. It is also common to find that some patients may not support some of the medical practices such as cloning, blood transfusion (Murphy, 2011). Understanding these differences creates the balance between the nursing practices and the cultural practices. Incorporating the cultural practices in medical care is crucial for the benefit of the patient and their families. Where possible the nurse can try and suggest alternatives such electric candles for safety issues among others. It also streamlines the delivery of health care services with minimal friction among the patients and their nurses (Douglas et al., 2014). Culturally Competent Nursing Care The Hispanic community consists of very religious people and follow their culture quite closely. As such when providing care to Hispanic patients, it is crucial for the nurses to take note of their beliefs and respect their wishes. They place a lot of faith in the Virgin Guadalupe and place a lot of emphasis on the traditional means of healing (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). According to the Hispanic traditions that are borrowed from the Greeks, when one is sick, their balance of the four humors is out of place. The four humors include black bile, yellow bile, blood and the phlegm. Ideally when one is sick from any disease including the chronic diseases, they have a form of imbalance in these humors or they may have too much cold or heat (Taylor, 2011). Some parts of the Hispanic community also believe that there are supernatural powers responsible for diseases. In some cases, chronic diseases are believed to be caused by the supernatural powers and cannot be cured using medicine. Sensory impairments, according to the Hispanics are  sometimes caused by supernatural powers while witchcraft is also attributed to patients losing some of their senses (Murphy, 2011). During the end of life care, the Hispanic community believe that a death is just an extension of life. Many may perform cleansing rituals as they prepare their relatives for the next life after their death (Douglas et al., 2014). Nursing care considerations As a registered nurse, it is important to understand the cultural believes of the Hispanic patients and the community in general to make sure that the health care delivery is highly improved. In the case of the chronic diseases, most of the families are going to prefer the use of herbal medicine for treating patients at all ages (Peterson-Iyer, 2014). In the case of the children it is important to try and explain to the families with a lot of understanding, the benefits of the modern medical practices. This also means that, one has to be careful not to look like they are bashing their cultural beliefs. Families can be asked to try the modern medical practices while at the same time they may decide on the traditional practices they are comfortable with. This also goes for the elderly patients, given that like children they are more susceptible to injury or illness and may give in to the treatment or the disease (Murphy, 2011). When it comes to the impairment of sensory organs, most of the time, the Hispanic community will take that the patient has been bewitched, or a supernatural power is responsible. This mostly cuts across the age divide, for the children, youngsters and the old (Douglas et al., 2011). Communicating the importance to the families or the patient to try the modern medical practices is important. This is due to the fact that it can be difficult to convince an asymptomatic patient that they are ill (Taylor, 2011). The end of life experience takes different shapes across the age divide. In the case of the children, the families may believe that their child has been bewitched and may require performing cleansing rituals. At the same time, the rituals are also directed at helping the diseased join their next life and find peace, whether old or young. Conclusion Nursing practices have been revolutionized over time, and delivery of care to the patient is no longer the mandate of the medical teams alone (Murphy,  2011). Patient-centered care is the baseline for most of the health care services across the globe. With reference to the globalization levels and the multicultural interactions, nurses have to develop cross-cultural competency skills. Culturally Competent Nursing Care skills are crucial for any one that wants to be a registered nurse (Douglas et al., 2011). References Douglas, M. K., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D. F., Callister, L., Hattar-Pollara, M., Lauderdale, J., & †¦ Purnell, L. (2014). Guidelines for Implementing Culturally Competent Nursing Care. Journal Of Transcultural Nursing, 25(2), 109-121. doi:10.1177/1043659614520998. Douglas, M., Pierce, J., Rosenkoetter, M., Pacquiao, D., Callister, L., & Hattar-Pollara, M. et al. (2011). Standards of Practice for Culturally Competent Nursing Care: 2011 Update. Journal Of Transcultural Nursing, 22(4), 317-333. doi:10.1177/1043659611412965. Murphy, K. (2011). The importance of cultural competence. Nursing Made Incredibly Easy, 9(2), 5. Peterson-Iyer, K. (2014). Introduction to Culturally Competent Care. Scu.edu. Retrieved 24 September 2014, from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/culturally-competent-care/introduction.html. Taylor, C., Lillis, C., LeMone, P., & Lynn, P. (2011). Cultural Diversity. In Fundamentals of nursing: The art and science of nursing care (7th ed.). P hiladelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Impact of Computer Technology Essay

Man is no longer living in the Age of the Machine, but in the Technological Revolution. He is no longer replaced by machines, but by micro chips built together to form what we call a computer. As a creation of man, it was made to add convenience to his life. However, in the current situation of rising people and industries, a computer became more than a gadget, it also became a necessity to his life and future. The name computer is actually given to a person. According to the website Computer Science Lab, these people are those who do nothing except do calculations for tables, charts and planetary grids. These group of people, predominantly a set of women, were then replaced by an electronic contraption. They complained that to compute on a daily basis was completely boring, and the found the need to completely change that. So inventors took around a century to create something that will take over their task. Since then, it has evolved to a portable gadget for a person’s utmost convenience. Computers today continue to update itself. Softwares and hardwares were made to accomplish simple computations to running complex businesses. In this day and age, computers and internet access can already be considered as part of man’s basic needs. Part of his survival is to remain in the competition, and the possibilities are high for his miserable failure if he doesn’t fight with a computer at hand. Since the recent rise of this Technological Era, changes have become evident. With this, the ethical, social and economic impact of computers are to be highlighted in this essay. These are the aspects of daily living man should never fail to consider. Because change is the only thing constant, there is a need to remind man of these changes, in case he missed it when it passed by. Ethical Impact With the rise of computers, along with it are ethical issues. To define, the website History of Computing noted that Computer Ethics is actually a branch of philosophy aimed to study the overall impact of computers in man’s life. It involves social rights, professional issues and legal issues, as it affects both an individual and an entire business. The primary issue this aspect of computer technology questions is how it shall be used. The outbreak of computers allowed individuals and businesses to do more actions than necessary. As mentioned by a website Research Center on Computing and Society, there was a void in the policies regarding computer technology. Moreover, these policies were merely to fill that void. Its importance lie on how man’s actions are guided by these policies. These failed to completely absolve the many ethical dilemmas related to it. For one thing, computers have become more than a tool. It has become a complete access pass to a person’s private life. With a click, a person’s life can be relayed in a screen like an ebook. It has become an avenue to hack another account, and in turn, another person’s life. Computers allowed a person’s privacy an issue of a public. Hacking, as mentioned by Ecommerce, also involves online theft in company websites and credit cards. These, so far, are the only evident cases of misusing computer technology. A silent agreement on what computer behavior should be like exists, but the concern is until when it is able to hinder seemingly criminal activities. It is further important to consider the ethical impacts of computer technology. Today, almost every individual across the globe is connected by a unit each. This expanse allows even a wider opportunity for hackers to simply connect to another unit and browse without its owner even knowing of the incident. More recently, connections are even at a greater speed. It is no longer questioning possibility. Ecommerce mentioned that the pace of which these computers are updated are too fast for ethical norms to catch up. Social Impact In the recent past, people who lived in little village migrated to the city to find jobs, According to Passion Computing, they left their lands to find better opportunities for them. It can be said that a population transferred to the city to grasp those opportunities. This brought about the break of family units and dependency on the trade industry. However, as earlier mentioned, with just a computer, they are connected to an even wider array of opportunities for them to experience. Also, computers have become the cause of today’s fast paced time line. Every thing had to be done immediately. Time became more precious in the production and progress of individuals and companies. Millersville University characterized this feature as temporality. The same article also mentioned that because of the existence of this technology, two people are able to work efficiently even if they work at different times from different places. Digital connections made working easier, but it can also withdraw people from reality. The changes are actually quite clear. Many can work from their homes and earn even more than those who traveled to test their fates. However, there is also the downfall effect on individuals and businesses. One of these was expressed in the aforementioned website. The article noted that computers gave rise to the alienation of certain individuals. Since connecting to other people, and other business transactions, can be made online, people tend to spend a better portion of their day in front of a computer. Moreover, there are a lot of jobs online that does not require one to have a specialization to earn as much as they can. This hinders a person from growing further with the knowledge he could have gained in school. In a way, computers limit a person from becoming the best he could be. Furthermore, computers are a means of access to a wide array of information. The article from Passion Computing wrote that family ties became vulnerable to divorce, and teenagers to suicide. The more information people are getting, the more likely are they to consider these as possibilities on how they should live their lives. Suggestive information can be more than tempting. Economic Impact According to Creative Computing, it is without that a doubt that computers will have a permanent mark on the changes the people will experience through time. All classes, genders and colors are affected by its advancement. Much like how older generations have been drastically changed by the Industrial Revolution, the generations of today are those who are most influenced by the Technological Revolution. However, the same article highlighted that the latter revolution have a greater effect on the poor. Although it was established that people received quite a number of benefits from this age of computers, one cannot neglect the fact that to have these benefits, they should be able to purchase one first. In the US is an ongoing campaign about promoting computer literacy to each individual. Unfortunately, one unit alone can be very costly. One must not fail to consider that the basic necessities of a person are given top priority. But, as earlier mentioned, in this era, to have a computer is practically a necessity as well. According to the website National Center for Policy Analysis, Economists are still uncertain about the relation of technological updates and the growth of the national economy. Robert Solow, an economist, mentioned in the article that computers are everywhere except in the statistics. Furthermore, in the year 1994, it was found through a study that computers have a very small overall impact. In more recent studies, on the other hand, it was found that computers had a strikingly greater contribution since that study. In comparison to other studies, a steady rise in economy can be observed along with the ascent of the computer age. Conclusion In conclusion, man is currently in the Technological Revolution, wherein his life is most likely driven by the advancements of computers. As such, man’s life has changed and his views about living were altered. There were ethical, social and economic changes since the birth of the computer age. Its impact on the life and survival of man is undeniably clear. However, since this is also the age when everything seemed to be at a faster pace, it would not have been unusual for one to have missed it. The lifestyle of a person changed drastically if compared to a counterpart in the industrial revolution. One of the sources mentioned above emphasized that the age of computers will have a lasting effect on the people who use it. Perhaps, the reason behind this claim is that the Technological Revolution is at a fairly young age, and that it might mark the beginning of a greater revolution one can only imagine. The possibilities must not be closed, as the changes will never stop from occurring. However, with these constant changes, policies and norms should be able to follow its flow. Otherwise, there would be a far greater dilemma to deliberate.

American Imperialism Essay

Identify the countries or areas where the United States engaged in imperialistic actions during the period from about 1870 to 1914. Discuss why each area was important to American empire building (political, economic, and social). Explain America’s expansionist ideals. What were some of the factors that justified American imperialist actions? Identify the current political status of these places in relation to the United States. Age of Imperialism: 1870 to 1914 Place Why was there interest? U.S. actions Status today China The United States wanted to sell American Goods to their market. Treaty of Wanghsia in 1844 opened several Chinese Ports for American trade. The United States is currently China’s greatest Ally. Samoa The United States wanted to support naval fleets in the Pacific. 1872; United States was granted a naval base at Pago Pago. In the 1880’s the United States, Germany as well as Britain jointly signed treaties of occupancy. 1899 the treat was revised giving the United States a protectorate over the Eastern islands which became U.S territory.  Unincorporated Territory of the U.S; now called American Samoa Hawaii The United States wanted to construct a naval base and wanted their sugar plantations. 1875; The United States signed a trade agreement with Hawaii. In 1887 the United States was allowed to construct a naval base at Pearl Harbor. In 1890; the U.S tariff policy placed heavy tax on exports from Hawaii. American rebels over threw the Queen and Hawaii didn’t receive annexation to the United States in 1898; after going into a Pacific War with Spain. Incorporated into the United Sates and the people became U.S. citizens in 1990. The Philippines The United States wanted the Philippines; in its effort to attain global power and to become a market for American manufactured products. The United States acquired the Philippines from Spain in 1898 after the Spanish-American War. In1899 a Filipino leader Agunaldo led a war against the U.S. which resulted in the country being an unorganized territory. The Philippines is currently an independent country. Cuba The United States wanted Cuba for their sugar plantations and its rich resources. The Spanish-American War of 1898 prompted the United States to declare war against Spain that resulted in the Cuban War of Independence. This war was started by Spain’s harsh treatment of the Cuban people which was unsuccessfully fought for decades. The Teller Amendment was legislation passed by congress which barred the United States from annexing Cuba; forcing the U.S to leave it independent once the war was over. Currently; the United States has imposed an embargo on Cuba in 1960 and broke diplomatic relations in 1961 following the Castro regime. The U.S has attempted to reach out to the Cuban government in regards to their human rights policies; in doing so the U.S implemented the 1994-1995 U.S- Cuba Migration Accords. Currently, the U.S still remains Cuba’s largest supplier of food. Puerto Rico The United States wanted to use Puerto Rico for it’s natural rich resources and for naval purposes. Towards the end of the Spanish-American War the U.S invaded Puerto Rico which at that time belonged to Spain. In December of 1898; the treaty of Paris was signed which ended the Spanish-American war and gave the U.S power over Puerto Rico. Commonwealth of the United States. Part 2 Answer each of the following prompts with a response of at least 200 to 300 words: Trace the path of American imperialism during the period from about 1870 to 1914 through political, military, and economic events. Why was the United States interested in expansion in these areas? Why was America building a global empire? What were the benefits of America’s imperialistic actions for the people in these countries or areas? What were the disadvantages? How would you describe their experiences in terms of being conquered, assimilated, or marginalized? What were the moral implications of American imperialism? How did Imperialists justify their actions? How did the Anti-Imperialists justify their position? Consider the role of race, economics, science, and religion. What significance did the Spanish-American War have in the development of the United States as an empire and world power? Do you think the United States is currently an imperialist country? Why or  why not? Cite and reference all information sources consistent with APA guidelines.

Company Employment Essay

Sheena had worked for the same Fortune 500 Company for most 15 years. Although the company had gone through some tough times, things were starting to turn around. Customer orders were up, and quality and productivity had improved dramatically from what they had been only a few years earlier due company wide quality improvement program. So, it comes as a real shock to Sheena and about 400 of her co-workers when they were suddenly terminated following the new CEO’s decision to downsize the company. After recovering from the initial shock, Sheena tried to find employment elsewhere. Despite her efforts, after eight months of searching she was no closer to finding a job than the day she started. Her funds were being depleted and she was getting more discouraged. There was one bright spot, though: She was able to bring in a little money by mowing lawns for her neighbors. She got involved quite by chance when she heard one neighbor remark that now that his children were on their own, nobody was around to cut the grass. Almost jokingly, Sheena asked him how much he’d be willing to pay. Soon Sheena was mowing the lawns of five neighbors. Other neighbors wanted her to work on their lawns, but she didn’t feel that she could spare any more time from her job search. However, as the rejection letters began to pile up, Sheena knew she had to make an important decision in her life. On a rainy Tuesday morning, she decided to go into business for herself taking care of neighborhood lawns. She was relieved to give up the stress of job hunting, and she was excited about the prospects of being her own boss. But she was also fearful of being completely on her own. Nevertheless, Sheena was determined to make a go of it. At first, business was a little slow, but once people realized Sheena was available, many asked her to take care of their lawns. Some people were simply glad to turn – the work over to her; others switched from professional lawn care services. By the end of her first year in business, Sheena knew she could earn a living this way. She also performed other services such as fertilizing lawns, weeding gardens, and trimming shrubbery. Business became so good that Sheena hired two part-time workers to assist her and, even then, she believed she could expand further if she wanted to. Questions 1. In what ways are Sheena’s customers most likely to judge the quality of her lawn care services? (10 Marks) 2. Sheena is the operations manager of her business. Among her responsibilities are forecasting, inventory management, scheduling, quality assurance, and maintenance. (a) What kinds of things would likely require forecasts?  (b) What inventory items does Sheena probably have? Name one inventory decision she has to make periodically. (c) What scheduling must she do? What things might occur to disrupt schedules and cause Sheena to reschedule? (d) How important is quality assurance to Sheena’s business? Explain. (e) What kinds of maintenance must be performed? (20 Marks) 3. What are some of the trade-offs that Sheena probably considered relative to: (a) Working for a company instead of for herself? (b) Expanding the business? (10 Marks) 4. The town is considering an ordinance that would prohibit putting grass clippings at the curb for pickup because local landfills cannot handle the volume. What options might Sheena consider if the ordinance is passed? Name two advantages and two drawbacks of each option. (20 Marks)